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ISLAM: THEME 1 - RELIGIOUS FIGURES AND SACRED TEXTS - Coggle Diagram
ISLAM: THEME 1 - RELIGIOUS FIGURES AND SACRED TEXTS
SOURCES OF SHARI'A
DEFINITION
literal - taking nearest route to oasis of fresh water
otherwise known as islamic law - most muslims agree rules + laws in islam should be based on several sources
[QUR'AN 4:80]
- "He who obeys the Messenger, obeys Allah."
FIQH
how islamic law is interpreted
way of understanding in detail + depth - the nearest understanding of Allah (SWT)'s laws
150 yrs after Muhammad (SAW) died, scholars made rulings which became known as books of fiqh
different opinions, but their methods of using qur'an + sunnah were important, and likewise w/ sunni/ shi'a perspectives
schools of fiqh
sunni
hanifi
shafi'i
maliki
hanbali
shi'a
jafari
zaidiyyah
ismaili
QUR'AN
direct word of God, but doesn't contain details for day-to-day practices
tells muslims to obey Muhammad (SAW), therefore justifying sunnah
unquestionable - described as 'fundamental and paramount' by abdel haleem
SUNNAH + HADITH
sunnah - how Muhammad (SAW) did things; his message, sayings, actions - a template for all muslims
sunnah includes how to perform hajj, how he ate his food, wore his clothes, speak politely + kindly
hadith - sayings of Muhammad (SAW)
sunnah tells muslims to use Muhammad (SAW)'s life as an example; both sunnah + hadith can be referred to
IJMA
Ijma is an Arabic term that means "consensus" or "agreement". It refers to the collective agreement of Islamic scholars on a particular issue or ruling.
Ijma occurs when the majority of qualified scholars agree on a religious matter or legal ruling.
It is considered one of the sources of Islamic law (Sharia), alongside the Quran and Hadith (sayings of the Prophet Muhammad).
Ijma helps ensure that Islamic teachings remain relevant and can adapt to new situations while maintaining unity in the Muslim community.
two types
Explicit Ijma: Clear and formal agreement on a specific issue.
Implicit Ijma: General agreement that is understood without formal declaration.
QIYAS
Qiyas is an Arabic term that means "analogy" or "reasoning by analogy." In Islamic law, it refers to a method of deriving legal rulings for new situations by comparing them to similar situations that are already addressed in the Quran or Hadith.
Qiyas involves taking a known ruling (from the Quran or Hadith) and applying it to a new case that shares similar characteristics.
It is one of the sources of Islamic law (Sharia), used when there is no direct ruling available for a particular issue.
Example: If the Quran prohibits drinking alcohol, scholars may use qiyas to argue that drugs that impair judgment should also be prohibited, as they share similar harmful effects.
Importance: Qiyas allows for flexibility and adaptability in Islamic law, helping scholars address contemporary issues while remaining rooted in established teachings.
ROLE/ IMPORTANCE OF SHARI'A
ROLE OF SHARI'A
Guidance for life: Provides guidelines on how Muslims should
live their lives
, including their moral, ethical, and social behaviours.
Guidance for life: Provides guidelines on how Muslims should
live their lives
, including their moral, ethical, and social behaviours
Guidance for life: Provides guidelines on how Muslims should
live their lives
, including their moral, ethical, and social behaviours.
Legal framework: Sharia serves as a legal system in some countries,
governing civil family, and criminal matters
based on Islamic principles.
IMPORTANCE OF SHARI'A
.
Spiritual Fulfilment: Following Sharia helps Muslims feel
connected to their faith and fulfils their spiritual obligations.
Social Justice: It promotes
justice, fairness, and equality in society
by setting rules against wrongdoing.
Community Cohesion: Sharia fosters a sense of
community and belonging among Muslims
by creating
shared values and practices.
QURANIC QUOTES
Surah An-Nisa (4:135): "O you who have believed, be persistently standing firm in justice, witnesses in justice, and do not let the hatred of a people prevent you from being just. Be just; that is nearer to righteousness."
Surah Al-Ma'idah (5:48): "To you be your religion, and to me be my religion. And if Allah had willed, He would have made you one nation, but He intended to test you in what He has given you; so race to good deeds."
Surah Al-Baqarah (2:178): "O you who have believed, prescribed for you is legal retribution for those murdered - the free for the free, the slave for the slave, and the female for the female. But whoever overlooks from his brother anything, then there should be a suitable follow-up and payment in fairness."
MUSLIM UNDERSTANDINGS OF JIHAD
The term jihad is often misunderstood, but in Islam, it has broader meanings beyond just "holy war."
Struggle or Effort: The word "jihad" literally means "struggle" or "striving." It can refer to any effort made to live a good life according to Islamic principles.
types of jihad
greater
Greater Jihad: This refers to the personal, internal struggle to be a better person, improve one's faith, and follow Islamic teachings. It includes efforts like self-discipline, prayer, and helping others.
lesser
This can refer to physical struggle or defense, such as protecting the community or fighting against oppression. However, it is subject to strict rules and guidelines in Islam.
Not Just Violence: Jihad is not synonymous with violence or terrorism. Most Muslims believe that true jihad promotes peace, justice, and compassion.