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Hazards - Coggle Diagram
Hazards
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Tectonics
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Tectonic plates can cause some very harmful hazardous effects such as earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions.
How Tectonics Plates Cause Volcanic Eruption: When two tectonic plates come head on with each other for example on the North American plate and the Pacific Plate a destructive plate boundary.
This plate boundary forms volcanoes by a oceanic plate which is much thinner than a continental plate so when in contact it slips under the continental plate and pushes up a volcano and hot magma rising up with it make the eruption form.
How Tectonic Plates Cause Earthquakes: An earthquake is caused by a sudden slip on a fault. The tectonic plates are always slowly moving, but they get stuck at their edges due to friction. When the stress on the edge overcomes the friction, there is an earthquake that releases energy in waves that travel through the earth's crust and cause the shaking that we feel.
An example of this is also in the North American plate and pacific plate were the two plates are moving along side each other causing friction. This is what causes an earthquake.
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Tropical Storms
Tornadoes and hurricanes
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Requirements: hurricanes form over warm oceans where the sea surface temperature is at least 27°C. The warm ocean water heats the air above it causing it to rise and create an area of low pressure . As the air rises it cools a condensation occurs leading to the formation of large clouds.
This process releases water vapour which powers the storm and makes it stronger. The earths rotation, known as the core effect, causes the storm to spin. Hurricanes typically form between five and 20 north and south of the equator, as this region provides the right combination of the temperature and rotation.
The strong winds associated with hurricanes rotate around the calm central area, known as the eye of the storm. The towering storm clouds are called cumulonimbus clouds and are essential for the structure of a hurricane. Hurricanes are fuelled by the evaporation of oceans, which releases heat as a condenses in the atmosphere.
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Extreme Weather
Heat waves
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High pressure system
The system forces air to sink and compress, increasing temperatures at the surface.
Trapped Heat
The trapped heat acts like a lid on a pot, creating a dome of heat called a "heat dome".
Frequency
Studies have found that climate change is making heat waves more frequent and intense. For example, one study found that the 2018 heat wave in the UK was 30 times more likely due to climate change.
Lack of cloud cover
High-pressure systems block other weather systems, which prevents clouds from forming and allowing more solar radiation to reach the ground and air.
Droughts
Droughts occur when there is a lack of rain over a prolonged period of time, which can lead to the ground drying up and plants dying. Droughts can be caused by natural factors, such as weather patterns, or by human activities:
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Deforestation: Trees and plants capture and release water into the atmosphere, which creates clouds and rain. Removing trees reduces the amount of water stored in the soil.
Droughts can have serious consequences for people, animals, and the environment, including crop damage and water supply shortages. They can occur anywhere in the world and can last for weeks, months, or years.