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Management of autism, Lacking detail;
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Management of autism
Steps in interventions
1. Patient profile
- Based on detailed assessment and interview with parents
2. Comprehensive assessment
- Developmental history
- Behavioural observation
- Standardised diagnostic tools
- Sensory processing evaluation
- Functional communication assessment
- Parent-teacher interviews
Developmental history
- History of developmental milestones and potential regression
Behavioural observation
- Observe child across settings and contexts
Standardised diagnostic tools
- Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)
- Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R)
Sensory processing evaluation
- Sensory Processing Measure (SPM)
- Assess reactions to sensory inputs
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Functional communication assessment
- Assess verbal/non-verbal communication
- Communicative functions
- Behaviours that may function as communication
- Identify potential challenges
Parent Teacher Interviews
- Insight from parents and teachers of child's behaviour
- Identify potential triggers of problematic behaviours
3. Develop management plan
- Commonly used therapies
- Behavioural interventions
- Communication interventions
- Social skills training
- Others
Behavioural interventions
Communication interventions
Social Skills Training (SST)
Other forms of interventions
- OT
- Parent training
- Special education support
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4. Psychoeducation
- Individual and family
- Key points to address
Understanding living with a mental health condition, and how to support the individual
Key points to address
- Understanding autism - symptoms, causes
- Debunk myths
- Emphasise the strengths of the child
- Available interventions
- Managing behaviour - strategies
- Parental role and self-care
- Community support and resources
- Long-term outlook
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5. Evidence-based interventions and therapies
- Explain commonly used therapies and the one selected for the intervention
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Assessment and diagnosis
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Objectives -
- Provide a definitive (or provisional) diagnosis of ASD
- Explore conditions that mimic symptoms and identify co-morbidities
- Determine child's overall level of functioning and information that could help intervention planning
Family-centred approach
- Review records
- Interview parents, family members, and caregivers
- Assessment of core features
- Comprehensive physical examination
- Consider differential diagnosis
- Establish ASD diagnosis
- Communicating assessment findings
- Intervention planning
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Evidence-based therapies
BAE, CSP, SS, OOPS
Behavioural - ABA, ESDM
Communication - SLT, PECS
SST, Social stories
Others - OT, Parent training, Special education support
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