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Natural Science: Scientific Research on Global Warming (Climate Change) -…
Natural Science:
Scientific Research on Global Warming (Climate Change)
Positivism
Ontology: Global warming is an objective reality caused by measurable factors such as rising carbon dioxide levels, melting ice caps, and rising temperatures.
Epistemology: Knowledge is gained through empirical evidence, such as climate models, temperature measurements, and greenhouse gas monitoring.
Methodology: Uses quantitative methods, including experiments, statistical analysis, and large-scale data collection from satellites and sensors.
Methodology: Uses techniques such as climate simulations, surveys, and statistical modelling to predict warming trends.
Constructivism
Ontology: Understandings of global warming vary according to social, cultural or political contexts. Reality is constructed through these interpretations.
Epistemology: Knowledge about global warming is influenced by human interactions and discourses, such as the way scientists, politicians and the media communicate the issue.
Methodology: Use qualitative methods such as ethnography or discourse analysis to study how different groups view and respond to scientific research.
Methods: Interview communities, and analyze news reports or focus groups to explore different interpretations of global warming.
Pragmatism
Ontology: Global warming is seen as a practical problem that needs actionable solutions, such as renewable energy, carbon capture, and climate-resilient infrastructure. It may also seem like a problem that has real consequences people experience, like increased global temperature or rising water levels.
Epistemology: Knowledge is valued based on its ability to solve problems effectively or its ability to be experience or seen. Scientific research is evaluated for its utility in mitigating climate change.
Methodology: Mixed methods are used, combining quantitative (e.g., emission reduction data) and qualitative (e.g., natural impact analysis) approaches.
Method: Prototyping renewable technologies, testing policies like carbon taxes, temperature rise in urban areas, sea level rise in wharf areas.
Subjectivism
Ontology: Global warming is understood through individual perceptions and experiences, which vary widely. It is a subjective reality shaped by personal beliefs.
Epistemology: Knowledge comes from personal narratives, emotional responses, and personal experiences of climate change.
Methodology: Narrative analysis, autoethnography, or semiotics are used to explore how individuals interpret and emotionally respond to global warming.
Methods: Collect personal stories, analyze emotional responses (e.g., eco-anxiety), and study symbolic representations of climate change (e.g., art or literature).
Critical
Ontology: Global warming is shaped by power structures and economic systems. It is not just a scientific issue, but also a result of social inequality and industrial capitalism.
Epistemology: Knowledge about global warming is influenced by political and economic interests, often in favor of the rich/powerful.
Methodology: Critical discourse analysis, ideology critique, and ethnography are used to study power dynamics in global warming research and solutions.
Methods: Study corporate influence on climate policy, investigate greenwashing, or analyze how global warming disproportionately affects marginalized communities.