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Alberta Alpine/Subalpine Specie Interactions, Berries (huckleberry, high…
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Berries (huckleberry, high bush cranberries, saskatoon berries, wild strawberries):
Laggomorphs (Pika and Snowshoe Hair, rabbits)
These interactions are an example of predatory-prey relationships where primary consumers are being hunted and eaten by secondary consumers and sometimes tertiary consumers.
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Weasel
This interaction is an example of predator-prey where secondary consumers are being consumed by tertiary consumers. In this case, cougars are known to eat coyotes and red fox and occasionally weasels as well.
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Birds of Prey: (Bald Eagle, Hawk, Owls)
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Coyote
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The interaction between these species is an example of competition where these organisms are all competing for similar resources, in this case similar prey. This limits each species ability to reach biotic potential because of more restriction on their availability to food resources.
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This relationship is mutualism where the interaction is of producer-consumer and both organisms gain. The bear gains food resources while the plants get fertilized from the bears manure. Berry bushes also have the benifit of their seeds being spread along with the bears fecal matter providing nutrients for the seeds to grow. Bears are Omnivores and have a diet that primarily consists of plant based foods. During early spring, bears primary consume grasses and roots. During July and August, their diet mostly consists of berries. Due to the availability of resources during these seasons, coyotes also supplement their diet with these plants.
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This interaction is an example of mutualism where both the plant and the bees benefit. The bees receive nectar and pollen for food resource while the flowers on the berry bushes get fertilized.
Bees
This interaction is an example of predator-prey where the bear is benefiting by gaining nutrients from honey and larva while the bees loose their habitat and food reserves.
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Coniferous Trees (Douglas Fir, Pine, Cedar, Juniper)
This interaction is a form of parasitism where the Fungi benefits and the tree is harmed. The Fungi enters the tree for more nutrient and water access. This results in tree's xylem being clogged resulting in the death of the tree. A common example is elms disease.
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This interaction is an example of commensalism where the Lichen is benefiting and the tree is unaffected. The Lichen is provided with a stable surface to grow on where it will receive more sunlight.
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Alpine Plants and Grasses (Alpine Aster,June Grass, Blue Grama, ect)
These interactions are example's of mutualism where both the primary consumer and the producer are benefiting most of the time. The consumer receives nutrients and after digestion, fecal matter is released fertilizing soil benefiting the producer. When there is a large population of primary consumers in a given area, they may over consume vegetation resulting in damage or even death to the producers.
Elk
In these relationship's, Tick's acts as an ectoparasite where it latches onto the exterior of it's host(s) and draws blood for food gain. In this relationship, the host is usually unharmed. However ticks can leave behind some diseases and viruses. When there is a large number of ticks that have accumulated onto one host, it can lead to blood lost resulting in starvation and even death.
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This interaction is an example of endoparasitism where the Brain worm feed's off of it's host. Brain worm can affect the nervous system causing loss of coordination, weakness, loss of senses and inevitably leads to death. Note that this interaction has no affect on white tailed deer but all other organisms connected to this box are affected.
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Big Horn Sheep
These interaction(s) are examples of predictor-prey where the primary consumers are being harmed or killed while the consumer is benefiting. In this case, the cougar is consuming these larger prey to meet it's nutrient requirements.
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