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Core Features, Associated Behavioural Symptoms, and Comorbidities of ASD -…

- - - - Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, actions, or speech - echolalia, idiosyncratic phrases, pronoun reversal
      - Insistence on sameness, inflexibility, rituals and routines - extreme distress with change, rigid cognition
      - Highly restricted and fixated interests (hyperfixation) - strong attachment and/or preoccupation
      - Hyper-/hypo-reactivity/interest to sensory input and environment - pain, temp, light, sound
    - - May not fully manifest until social demands exceed child's capacity
      - E.g. stimming to mask repetitive behaviours in public, and as an anxiolytic
    - - Deficits in nonverbal communication - eye contact, facial expressions, body language
      - Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships
      - Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity
    - - IDD - Intellecutal Disability Disorder
        GDD - Global Developmental Delay
  - - - Subcategories eliminated --> ASD
        
        Continuum model
        
        Removed 'aberrant language dev/use' from core features
        
        Gave opportunity to indicate any coexisting diagnoses
    - - Pervasive Developmental Disorders
        
        Rett's Syndrome
        
        Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
        
        Autism Spectrum Disorders
        
        Autistic disorder
        
        3 impairments
        
        Social comm
        
        RRBs
        
        Language development/use
        
        Asperger's disorder
        
        Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD NOS)
- - - - Poor verbal sequencing and abstraction skills
      - Strong visuospatial and rote memory skills
    - - Genetic link?
        
        IDD - high number of deletions
        ASD - high number of duplications