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Introduction [B1] - Coggle Diagram
Introduction [B1]
Signs and Symptoms of Deficienc
• Weight loss
• Confusion
• Irritability
• Fatigue
• Short-term memory loss
• Muscle weakness
• Nausea and vomiting sensations
• Tingling sensations
• Slow heart rate and shortness of breath
Symptoms of Deficiency
• Tingling or loss of feeling in limbs
• Confusion
• Difficulty walking
• Elevated heart rate
• Shortness of breath
• Swollen feet and legs
• Poor balance and coordination
• Hypotension
• Hallucinations
Food Sources
• Vegetables: Cauliflower, potatoes, asparagus, kale, lettuce, spinach, tomatoes, squash.
• Fruits: Oranges, apricots, watermelon, apples.
• Poultry Products: Mutton, pork, chicken, eggs.
• Dairy Products: Milk, curd, cheese.
• Fortified Grains and Nuts: Rice, wheat, almonds, walnuts.
• Other Sources: Brewer's yeast, blackstrap molasses
Risk Factors for Deficiency
• Alcoholic Patients: Ethanol reduces gastrointestinal absorption of thiamin.
• Individuals with Suppressed Immunity: Especially those with malnutrition or diseases like HIV.
• Multiple Medications: Can lead to toxicity and low vitamin B absorption.
• Diabetic Patients: Higher risk of deficiency.
• Bariatric Surgery Patients: Reduced RBC transketolase activity indicates deficiency.
Benefits of Vitamin B1
• Boosts Immunity: Releases anti-stress agents to withstand low immunity or stressful conditions.
• Role in Muscle Tissue: Thiamin diphosphate (TDP) aids muscle cell contraction and nerve signal conduction.
• Prevents Complications: Helps prevent issues in the nervous system, brain, muscles, heart, stomach, intestines, and regulates electrolyte flow in muscle and nerve cells.
Diseases from Deficiency
• Wet Beriberi: Affects cardiovascular system, poor circulation, fluid buildup.
• Dry Beriberi: Affects nervous system, nerve degeneration, muscle atrophy, loss of reflexes.
• Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome: Brain damage, affecting eyesight, memory, motor function, balance, coordination, hypotension, hallucinations, and memory loss.
Metabolism of Macronutrients
• Thiamin Pyrophosphate (TPP): Forms from thiamin and ATP, regulates enzymatic activity involved in glucose, pyruvate, amino acids, and lipid catabolism.
• Essential for Metabolism: Required for the metabolism of carbohydrates and some amino acids.
Overdose and Toxicity
• Non-Toxic: No upper limit, but high doses can cause digestive distress.
• Side Effects: Synthetic form (thiamine hydrochloride) may cause stomach pain, arrhythmia, eye irritation, vomiting, diarrhea.
• Vitamin B1 (Thiamin): Part of the vitamin B complex, a water-soluble vitamin.
• Function: Facilitates metabolism and is important for the functioning of the nervous and cardiovascular systems.
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Supplements
Available as multivitamin/mineral supplements, B-complex vitamins, thiamin mononitrate, thiamin hydrochloride, and benfotiamine (a synthetic derivative).
M 1.2 mg F 1.1 mg