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Proteins and Enzymes - Coggle Diagram
Proteins and Enzymes
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Amino Acids
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When amino acids interact they form a peptide bond and release water as a by product, this is known as a condensation reaction
Three or more amino acids joined together form a polypeptide (however this is usually 100s of amino acids)
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Competitive inhibitors
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A competitive inhibitor will have a similar shape to the substrate which is complementary to the active site that it is trying to bind to
The inhibitor, will momentarily take the place of the substrate in the active site - but because the shapes are the same no reaction will take place
Because of this the substrate molecules cannot colide with the active site which means that the rate decreases
Example
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Succionate is the substrate for succinate dehydrogenase, and malonate is the competitive inhibitor
Malonate binds to the active site as its shape is similar to succionate, this means that succionate cannot collide with the active site and the rate falls
Reducing the effect
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This happens by increasing the concentration of the enzyme whilst keeping the concentration of the inhibitor the same
Now there is an increased probability of a substrate molecule to occupy the active site over a competitive inhibitor
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The structure of enzymes
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The enzyme contains an active site, because its a protein it contains a tertiary structure and its shape is complementary to the substrate - its specific
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For a reaction to take place it requires a minimum energy requirement before the particles collide - Activation Energy
Enzymes can lower the activation energy and offer a different pathway for the molecules to pass through
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The Induced fit model
Lock and Key model
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This essentially meant that the substrate would approach the substrate and fit perfectly into the enzyme
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The induced fit model
This model stated that as the substrate approaches the active site, the active site will gradually change shape so it moulds around the substrate
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Scientists later revised this model and began to create a model in which the active site changed shape
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