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Australia 1788-1829 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - It was made up of convicts and guards for them
      - They were led by Arthur Philips who was a retired naval officer.
      - 775 convicts
        
        543 men and 189 women 22 children
        
        Most had committed minor theft and were under the age of 30
      - 300 guards
        
        They were often disinclined to work
  - - - Convicts
        
        Most were from cities so unsuited for the starting of a colony
        
        Many of the skills they had were useless
        
        They had to be controlled
      - Reliance on Supplies from Britain
        
        There was very little farming expertise from the convicts
        
        Soil was poor so harder to farm
    - - Journey Preparation
        
        He had prepared a lot with both supplies for the journey and for the establishment of the colony
      - Establishment of the colony on Norfolk Island
        
        The colony was established in 1790 by 183 convicts
        
        It was partially due to the belief that flak could be grown on the island (incorrect)
        
        elevated the pressure of more people on the colony in New South Wales so there was enough food
        
        Meant only one person starved as he lost his cooking pot
        
        Would be largely evacuated in 1807
      - The food stores
        
        Maintained tight control of the food stores
        
        Food was rationed equally not giving extra to the marines which removed any anger from the convicts
      - Establishment of farmland
        
        The convicts were granted land after the end of their sentences
        
        This allows for more crops to be grown and there is an increase in food
        
        He allows the convicts to have the land so that there is more food and economy in the region
        
        Many of the convicts were given land in paramatta because it is more fertile
      - Food
        
        Sent the Atlantic to get more food for the whole colony from Calcutta
        
        Provided enough food for the colony till the arrival of the third fleet
- - - - Removed the New South Wales Corp
      - They had grown to be incredibly powerful in colony as the governors needed their support to the govern effectively
      - They mutinied against governor Bligh when he attempted to rest control of the colony from them in particular their economic control
      - It was clear they had grown out of control and so they were condemned and recalled
  - - - Ended the supremacy of the New South Wales Corp for their economics
      - They were able to write promissory notes to merchants against their wages to pay for alcohol
      - As everyone drank and there was a lack of currency, rum became the default and so the NSWC dominated the economic climate of the colony
      - Also were entitled to ten male convicts and 3 female convicts to work the farms they owned
    - - Established a new currency, removing the default of rum
      - This was the holey dollar that was made from a punched out spanish silver dollar
    - - Macquarie would use land grants to give land up the Hawkesbury river which was fertile and so supplied land to other places
    - - He built a road over the blue mountains that let access to the grazing areas beyond
      - Massively boosted the wool industry and shifted the main economic product coming from whaling and sealing to wool
  - - - Macquarie typically sided with the Emancipists and the Currency which served as a source of tension
      - There was a lot of tension between the Emancipists (the free convicts) and the Currency (the children of the convicts) and the Exclusives (free settlers)
      - Macquarie tried to allow the emancipists more options when they were working in the colony and uses any special skills he could
        
        An emancipist doctor delivered his child
        
        Emancipist architects helped to design his expanding towns
    - - Convicts could be given land and early pardons if they behaved and did well
      - The convicts would be tried by a local magistrate for any crimes for punishment rather than the arbitrary rule of law of a criminal
    - - Women
        
        Women were a minority in the colony and so were forced to seek protection from men in the colony and upon arrival many were raped
        
        Macquarie passed a law that prevented the cohabitation without the benefit of cohabitation which did gradually improve the sexual relations in the colony.
        
        Marriage was slightly improved the status of women in the colonies as they could inherit property and businesses but these women were often in the minority and women were still oppressed
      - Working Conditions
        
        Convicts originally worked in the on government farms, roads and government buildings. This would change to being increasingly assigned to private masters
        
        They worked nine hours a day for five days and 5 hours on saturdays
        
        They were able to be sell their labour for wages
        
        They had rights to food, shelter and rum rations
    - - These were towns set up by Macquarie that followed a set plan and had a church, inn and school
      - Macquarie built a hospital in Sydney
  - - - Convict labour should be assigned to the sheep farms rather than the public works programmes
      - Early pardons and tickets of leave should be ended
      - positions of responsibilities should not be given to the emancipists
- - - - Biological warfare from the British who brought vials of the disease
      - Accidental transmission from clothing or goods from the first fleet
      - Chickenpox rather than smallpox
- - - - Prevent any territorial claims that could be made by the French
    - - Australia could serve as a useful trading link with both India and China
  - - - Established in 1828
      - Sent 10,000 free settlers for a large land grant
      - 40 Acres was given for £3 in assets for a settler
      - Arrived in 1829
      - First colony was threatened with famine and by 1832 it only had 1,500 colonists
      - Clear change from convicts to the colonists