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Multiple Sclerosis (MS) - Coggle Diagram
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Definition
-A chronic and potentially disabling disease affecting the brain and spinal cord.
-It occurs when the immune system attacks the myelin sheath, disrupting communication between the brain and body.
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Types of MS
1-Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS):
-The first episode of symptoms due to myelin damage. May or may not progress to MS.
2-Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS):
-Most common type (85%). Characterized by episodes of new or worsening symptoms (relapses) followed by remission periods.
3-Primary Progressive MS (PPMS):
-Symptoms progressively worsen from the start.
4-Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS):
-Develops later in RRMS patients, with steadily worsening symptoms.
Symptoms
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Fatigue, balance issues, and cognitive problems.
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Complications
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Bladder, bowel, and sexual dysfunction.
Cognitive and mood disturbances (e.g., forgetfulness, depression).
Treatment
No cure, but treatments aim to manage symptoms and reduce relapses:
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Nursing Management
1-Priorities:
-Monitor symptoms and disease progression.
-Educate patients and families about MS management and treatment options.
-Provide emotional support and coordinate care.
2-Daily Activities:
-Assist with mobility aids and physical therapy.
-Prevent pressure ulcers by repositioning and providing skin care.
-Ensure adequate nutrition and hydration.
3-Emotional Support:
-Offer counseling to improve self-esteem.
-Educate families to cope with challenges and encourage independence.