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‘Ending support for rival claimants to the throne was the greatest success…
‘Ending support for rival claimants to the throne was the greatest success of Henry VII’s foreign policy.’
International prestige.
yes
• Henry’s desire for prestige was an obvious consequence of his disputed claim to the throne. He wanted to impress European rulers who would recognise his legitimacy.
• Henry was reluctant to involve England in expensive foreign entanglements. Alliance with foreign powers might increase prestige at the same time as keeping England safe from foreign adventure
• the Treaty of Medina del Campo in 1489 provided Henry with much of the prestige he craved. The marriage agreement between Catherine and Arthur was an obvious part of this
• Henry’s attempt to retract Prince Henry’s betrothal after 1504 was motivated by a consideration of how the power had apparently shifted in Europe towards Philip.
but
• Henry’s foreign policy was plainly a defensive one. He lacked the power to dictate events, especially in the context of the emergence of a united Spain, various pretenders and the beginnings of the Italian wars
• Henry’s foreign policy was closely entwined with his domestic policy objectives, and especially the ability to confront pretenders and undermine their support, e.g. Henry’s support of Philip after 1504 was motivated by Maximillian’s decision to harbour Edmund de la Pole
• Trade was a key motive. Trade with Burgundy after 1496 was substantial, e.g. the Treaty of Etaples, 1492 was plainly focused on the expansion of trade and indeed the attempt to weaken the Hanseatic League and the favourable promotion of the Merchant Adventurers.
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Domestic threats
yes
Henry's decision to pardon the Irish supporters of Warbeck gave opportunity for greater security. Henry also gave up on the idea of 'Home Rule' and returned powers back to the earl of Kildare. This level of Peace survived the reign of Henry VII
The signing of the Treaty of Etaples in 1492 agreed to withdraw his support to Perkin Warbeck and pay a pension to Henry to compensate him for the expense of having recruited an army of invasion
but
The marriage of Charles VIII, king of France, with Anne of Brittany, eventually gave France control over Breton ports. The marriage encountered Henry to more direct measures when he led an army from Calais to Boulogne
In 1485 Henry's influence in Ireland was far from secure. The dominant figure in Ireland was known to hold Yorkist sympathies. The earl of Kildare gave support to both Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck
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Overseas trade
yes
Henry VII signed the Intercursus Magnus and Intercursus Malus treaties with Burgundy - this established long lasting trade agreements and helped to secure improved relations by refusing to support pretenders
Henry developed trade alliances with Spain in 1489 to compensate the damage to England's trade in the Netherlands. Henry supported Spain politically and in return received great trade concessions
but
Henry established a trade embargo with the Netherlands after Margaret of Burgundy supported Perkin Warbeck. The Boycott hit the the trade industries in England and the Netherlands hard
In 1492 Henry imposed fixed tariffs on all imports from Italy. The Italians retaliated by refusing to send goods to England.
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Intro
The greatest success of Henry VII foreign policy was the building of international prestige due to his concerns to continue the Tudor dynasty. Although ending support for rival claimants was had a big impact especially in Scotland as it reduced domestic threats such as ending the Perkin Warbek rebellion.
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