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Feminism - politics - Coggle Diagram
Feminism - politics
Key Thinkers
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Gilman (1860 - 1935)
FIrst wave feminist: argued that women should have equal opportunities in the work place, introducing the idea of economic independence.
Capitalisms exploitative qualities reinforced patriachy, and that socialism would gradually succeed, leading to eauality.
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De Beauvoir (1908 - 86)
Key work offered a powerful critique of Sex and Gender in her work 'The Second Sex 1949',
Ideas on Sex and Gender: Argued that femininity was an artificial societal construct. She was also a humanist, as she argued that ' the fact we are human beings is infinitley more important than what makes us different'.
Otherness: imposed on women by men. Male dominantion means men are the 'first sex'. and women are the 'second.
Four waves of feminism
Second wave - 1963-1980s, united around the idea that women were being oppressed by men, a concept that was known as patriarchy.
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Sheila Rowbothams 'Womans Conciousness' (1973), key texts that developed this thinking.
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Third wave
More emphasis on rebellion compared to reform. focused on existing gender inequalities such as sexual harrassment and male domination in the workplace.
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First wave (enlightenment up to the 1920s) : Originally adapted the liberalist ideas about human nature and freedom of the individual to specifically include women.
Mary Wollstonecrofts 'A vindication of the Rights of Women': first created the argument that women were just as rational as men and should recieve the same educational opportunities. (1792)
Harriet taylor mills 'Enfranchisement of Women' 1851: Argued that women should have the same voting rights as men and participate in the making of law.
Charlotte Gilman: first argued that women should have equal opportunities in the workplace and introduced the idea of economic independence for women.
Fourth wave
Social media driven, such as the #MeToo social media movement started in 2007 by Tyrana Burke.
Types of feminism
Liberal Feminism
View on patriachy: that discrimination can be reformed by the state. This includes access to education, workplace equality, legislation of abortion, and changes in marriage and divorce laws.
Reformist ideologies to end patriachy and focuses on the public sphere (change to society). Equality of opportunity
Key thinkers: Friedan and Wollstonecroft. Wollstonecroft wrote in 'a vindication' for womens access to the vote, which would slowly lead to legal and gender equality.
Socialist Feminism
argue that economics and capitalism lead to gender inequality and that capitalism causes patriachy. View on Patriachy: that female conciousness is created by men as part of a capitalist 'machine'.
Sheila Rowbathorn: 'women have always been oppressed and a revolution is necessary to overthrow capitalism and a male dominated patriachy'.
Relatively incoherent: as this falls into reformist social feminism, and
Radical feminism
View on patriachy: focus on the private sphere (father/husband domination of wife and children) and private sphere (male domination in the workplace, education, culture and politics), and believe this is too persuasive to be reformed. Instead, there must be a revolutionary change, but there are different ways in what this would look like.
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Modern day feminism
Bell Hooks: argued that feminist discussions have been from a white middle class perspective and that women of different ethnicities were neglected by mainstream feminism.
Patriachy
Feminism uses this term to describe a social system supporting male domination and female supression. Most feminists engage with this concept, but Kate Millet was first credited with analysing this concept.
The main historical argument: that women have been historically oppressed by men, and this needs to stop.