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Law 47 of 1946 - Organic Law of Education., Corina Delgado - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Education as a right and duty: Education is an inalienable right and a responsibility of every individual. The State is committed to guaranteeing its access and quality.
      - Educational foundations: Panamanian education is based on universal values such as humanity, ethics, democracy, and science. It also recognizes and values the country's cultural diversity.
      - Structure of the education system: The education system is divided into two subsystems: regular and non-regular. Both work in a coordinated manner to offer a comprehensive and continuous education.
      - Public and private education: Although both types of education exist, both must comply with the quality standards established by law and be open to all citizens.
- - - - Central Level: Headed by the Ministry of Education, this level defines educational policies, sets quality standards, and coordinates actions at the national level.
      - Regional Level: The regional offices of the Ministry of Education oversee the implementation of educational policies at the regional level, ensuring their compliance and adaptation to local needs.
      - Local or Institutional Level: Educational centers (schools, colleges, etc.) directly implement educational policies, offering educational services to students.
  - - - Regular Subsystem: This corresponds to traditional formal education, structured in levels and grades, which is provided in official and private educational institutions.
      - Non-Regular Subsystem: This encompasses a wide range of educational modalities that do not follow the traditional structure, such as lifelong learning, education through the media, and education for indigenous communities.
- - - - Teachers can receive licenses for up to three years for professional development studies (Art. 175).
      - Medical certificates and certificates of good conduct are required to verify the physical and moral capacity of teacher candidates (Art. 177).
      - Degrees must be registered with the Ministry of Education, with associated costs for revalidation (Art. 181-183).
- - - - Article 118: Private education is free for the State but must be accessible to all, without discrimination based on race, social position, or religion.
      - Article 119: Private education plays an important role in the cultural, scientific, and moral development of society, and the State recognizes it as a support for families and communities.
      - Articles 120-127: Private educational institutions must adhere to the goals and principles of national education, following the programs and plans established by the Ministry of Education, and are subject to supervision and regulation.
      - Articles 128-131: There are two types of private schools: incorporated (which meet Ministry requirements) and non-incorporated (which do not fully meet these requirements but still grant official diplomas). Educators in private schools have the same rights and duties as those in public schools.
      - Articles 129-131: Private centers must allow the participation of community members in management, and costs must be agreed upon with the Ministry.
  - - - Articles 132-136: The State promotes the preservation of national identity and the integration of cultural values in the educational system, with a focus on language and traditions. Participation in non-formal educational movements such as scouting is encouraged.
      - Articles 137-144: Inter-institutional collaboration is encouraged to improve the educational process, promoting the use of museums, the integration of cultural content in curricula, and support for artistic education.
      - Articles 145-153: The Ministry of Education supports the development of artistic, sports, and scientific expressions, establishes school libraries, public libraries, and specialized libraries, and promotes access to and preservation of knowledge.