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III. The Present of Human Physiology - Coggle Diagram
Overview:
- Modern human physiology integrates a variety of scientific fields, from molecular biology to neuroscience. It focuses on how organs and systems work together to maintain life and respond to challenges.
Key Topics:
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology
- Cellular functions and metabolism: How cells generate energy, communicate, and reproduce.
- Molecular mechanisms: Enzymes, hormones, neurotransmitters, and receptors.
- Nervous System: Brain, spinal cord, neurons, synaptic transmission, and cognition.
- Cardiovascular System: Heart, blood vessels, blood circulation, and regulation of blood pressure.
- Digestive System: Nutrient absorption, enzymes, and digestive tract function.
- Respiratory System: Breathing, gas exchange, and regulation of oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.
- Renal System (Kidneys): Filtration, excretion, and fluid balance.
- Endocrine System: Hormone regulation, the hypothalamus, and pituitary functions.
- Musculoskeletal System: Movement, muscle contraction, bone structure, and joint function.
- Immune System: Defenses against pathogens, inflammation, and the lymphatic system.
- Current Research in Human Physiology
- Human Genome Project: Impact on understanding human disease and physiology.
- Neuroplasticity: How the brain changes with experience.
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine: Potential for treating degenerative diseases.
- Physiological Adaptations and Homeostasis
- Adaptation to extreme conditions (e.g., heat, cold, hypoxia).
- Mechanisms of temperature regulation, fluid balance, and acid-base balance.