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II. The Past of Human Physiology - Coggle Diagram
Overview:
- The study of human physiology began in ancient civilizations, with early understandings of the body often intertwined with philosophy and religion. Over time, more systematic methods emerged, culminating in modern physiology.
Key Topics:
- Renaissance and Early Modern Physiology
- Andreas Vesalius and the birth of modern anatomy.
- William Harvey’s discovery of blood circulation.
- Scientific revolutions in the 16th and 17th centuries (e.g., William Harvey, René Descartes).
- Ancient Understanding of Human Physiology
- Early theories: Ancient Egypt, Greece, and China.
- Hippocrates and the Four Humors (blood, phlegm, black bile, yellow bile).
- Galen’s contributions to anatomy and physiology (Roman era).
- The 19th Century and the Foundation of Modern Physiology
- Early experiments on nerve and muscle function (e.g., Luigi Galvani, Emil du Bois-Reymond).
- The discovery of the nervous system’s electrical impulses and muscle contraction mechanisms.
- Advances in physiology with scientists like Claude Bernard (homeostasis) and Ivan Pavlov (reflexes).