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II. Physiological Impacts on the Human Body in Space - Coggle Diagram
Topics and Subtopics:
- Zero Gravity (Microgravity) Effects
- Fluid redistribution (e.g., "moon face") and effects on the heart.
- Orthostatic intolerance (difficulty adjusting to gravity after returning to Earth).
- Countermeasures: Exercise routines (e.g., resistive exercise, treadmill).
- Muscle atrophy and bone density loss due to microgravity.
- Balance and Coordination:
- Impact on the vestibular system (inner ear), causing disorientation and motion sickness.
- Increased cancer risk due to prolonged exposure to space radiation.
- The role of solar flares and galactic cosmic rays in space radiation.
- Development of shielding materials (e.g., water, polyethylene).
- Advances in space suits and spacecraft shielding.
- Changes in immune system activity leading to reduced ability to fight infections.
- Studies on diet, exercise, and medications to maintain immune system function in space.
- Vision and Neurological Effects
- Research on solutions, including head pressure suits and targeted exercises.
- The development of Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS), causing changes in vision.
- Space Adaptation Syndrome:
- Headaches, nausea, and disorientation due to fluid shift in the body.
- Studies on astronaut performance, mental fatigue, and cognitive decline during long-duration missions.
Overview:
The absence of gravity, radiation exposure, and confinement in spacecraft significantly affect the human body. These impacts have been studied extensively through space missions, and understanding them is crucial for long-term human space travel.