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III. The Present: Modern Understanding of Interactions Between Classes -…
Topics and Subtopics:
- Types of Ecological Interactions Between Classes
- Mutualism: Examples like pollination (e.g., bees and flowers), lichens (fungi and algae), and nitrogen-fixing bacteria and plants.
- Competition: Interspecific competition between different species or classes for limited resources.
- Parasitism and Disease: Interaction between host and parasite organisms (e.g., malaria transmission).
- Predation and Herbivory: How carnivores and herbivores influence their prey and plants, respectively.
- Community Ecology and Interaction Networks
- Food webs and energy transfer between trophic levels.
- Interaction webs in ecosystems (who eats whom).
- The role of ecosystem engineers (e.g., beavers creating wetlands).
- Keystone species and their influence on community dynamics.
- Human Impact on Ecological Interactions
- Habitat destruction, climate change, and their effect on species interactions.
- Invasive species disrupting natural interaction networks.
- The role of human intervention in agricultural systems (e.g., pest control, domestication).
- Inter-kingdom and Interspecific Interactions
- Endosymbiosis: The evolutionary theory explaining the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells.
- Cross-kingdom interactions (e.g., fungi interacting with plants and animals).