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II. Intra-Kingdom Interactions in Different Kingdoms - Coggle Diagram
Topics and Subtopics:
- Kingdom Animalia: Animal-Within-Group Interactions
- Social Interactions in Insects: Honeybees and ants (eusociality).
- Parent-Offspring Interactions: Care strategies, kin selection, and inclusive fitness.
- Territoriality in Mammals: Competition for space, food, mates.
- Cooperation: Symbiotic relationships in animal groups (e.g., mutualism between cleaner fish and host species).
- Aggression and Dominance: Hierarchies in primates and other social animals.
- Kingdom Plantae: Plant-Plant Interactions
- Competition: Competition for sunlight, water, and nutrients (e.g., canopy vs. understory plants).
- Mutualism: Mycorrhizal associations (fungi and roots).
- Allelopathy: Plants releasing chemicals to inhibit growth of other plants (e.g., black walnut trees).
- Cooperative Growth: Clonal growth in grasses, rhizomes in bamboo.
- Resource Sharing: Symbiotic interactions among plant species (e.g., nitrogen fixation by legumes).
- Kingdom Protista: Protist-Within-Species Interactions
- Competition: Resource competition in planktonic communities.
- Cooperation in Colonies: Protists like Volvox showing cooperative behavior.
- Predation and Parasitism: Predatory protists feeding on bacteria or other protists.
- Symbiosis: Endosymbiotic relationships, such as algae living within corals.
- Kingdom Monera (Bacteria and Archaea): Microbial Interactions
- Competition for Resources: Bacteria competing for space and nutrients in natural environments.
- Horizontal Gene Transfer: Genetic exchange among bacterial species influencing intra-kingdom dynamics.
- Quorum Sensing: Bacterial communication to coordinate behavior (e.g., biofilm formation).
- Antagonistic Interactions: Production of antibiotics to inhibit other microbes (e.g., Streptomyces).
- Symbiosis: Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and plants.
- Kingdom Fungi: Fungi-Fungi Interactions
- Mycelial Networks: Hyphal fusion and nutrient exchange between fungal individuals.
- Cooperation: Mycorrhizal relationships with plants.
- Symbiosis: Lichens (fungi and algae or cyanobacteria).
- Competition: Fungi competing for substrate and resources.