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6.1 Industrial Revolutions - Coggle Diagram
6.1
Industrial Revolutions
Industrial Revolution
Period of massive economic change & innovation
Began in mid 1700s
Outgrowth of Scientific Revolution
Growth of cities & industrialization
Starts in Britain
British Advantages
Four Factors of Production - readily available in Britain
Natural Resources (coal and iron supply & colonies)
Labor (agricultural revolution)
Capital (money used to invest)
Entrepreneurship
Stable government supported economic growth
Agricultural Revolution
Improved quality & quantity of farm produce
Dutch & British = leaders
Levees - reclaim lost farmland
Enclosure - the process of taking & consolidating land
Increase in farm production
Decrease in farm labor & jobs
Rapid population growth
Energy Revolution
Coal = most important energy source of First Industrial Revolution
Fueled steam engines & iron production
James Watt invented steam engine
Smelting Iron
Textile Industry
Most textiles produced at home
Slow process
New inventions increased production
Spinning jenny
Cotton gin
Hydropower sewing machines
Mill Life
Most textile workers lived in Mill Villages
Mill Villages had homes, churches, schools, and a company store
Benefits: close to work, stable housing, early childhood education
Disadvantages: debt trap, payed less, management could survelle and control workers
Transportation Revolution
Faster & cheaper transportation needed
Examples
Turnpikes - private roads requiring tolls
Canals & Steamboats
Locomotives & Railroads
1st Major Railway - Manchester to Liverpool
Second Industrial Revolution
Starts in 1870-1914
Featured new changes in industry from First Industrial Revolution
New science & technology
Pace of change quickened
New forms of business organization
Changes in Industry
Electricity - replaced steam/coal
1800 - Volta & battery
1870s - Edison & lightbulb
Interchangeable Parts
Simplified assembly & repair of products
Assembly Line (1900s)
Each worker focuses on one task
Bessemer Process = cheap steel
Advances in Transportation & Communication
Transportation
Trans-continental railroads
Automobiles - Karl Benz & Henry Ford
Airplanes - Orville & Wilbur Wright
Communication
Telephone - Alexander Graham Bell
Radio - Guglielmo Marconi
Big Business
Establishment run by entrepreneurs who finance, manufacture, & distribute goods or services on large scale
Introduction of corporations & stock
Stock - shares sold to investors
Corporation - business owned by many investors