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CRIME AND DEVIANCE (4) - GLOBALISATION - Coggle Diagram
CRIME AND DEVIANCE (4) - GLOBALISATION
GLOBALISATION AND CRIME
globalisation is the interconnectedness of societies, caused by spread of info and media tech, migration, and transnational corporations in the global marketplace
held et al
: globalisation of crime has influenced the spread of transnational organised crime due to new opportunities
globalisation of crime has led to increases in: int. illegal drugs trade, human trafficking, cyber crime and terrorism
castells
: globalisation has created transnational networks of organised crime, in collusion with corrupt state officials and legit businesses, doing crime worth $1 tril
transnational organised crime has adapted through globalisation, extending from family/ ethnic characteristics to connect with other criminal groups
glenny
: 'mcmafia' - transnational organised crime mirrors activities of legal transnational corporations, as self-interested economic organisations, but illegal
hobbs and dunningham
: global crime networks work locally, usually for supply, which is then used to connect globally - what
hobbs
calls 'glocal'
globalisation has increased...
int. illegal drugs trade
human trafficking
cybercrime
terrorism
AFFECTS ON CRIME
DISORGANISED CAPITALISM
lash and urry
: globalisation allows less regulation, leading to
'disorganised capitalism'
corporations are transnational, moving to countries where their profits will be higher + costs lower, where regulations are less strict + enforced
taylor
: companies moving means there are fewer jobs in origin countries→ job insecurity→ less legal opportunities→ ↑ crime
↑ crime to obtain consumerist lifestyle advertised by global media
GROWING INEQUALITY
taylor
: the rick succeed due to globalisation (investors, corporations), and the workers lose
the disadvantaged in developed/ developing countries have more risks and insecurity (relative deprivation)
INDIVIDUALISM/ CONSUMERISM
bauman
: growing individualisation→ individuals have selfish wants + needs→ ↑ crime
e.g., drug-dealing, human trafficking→ offenders rewarded illegally, victims given false hope
media-saturated societies are repeatedly exposed to complex legit ways to obtain consumer goods
young
: not all have the chance to achieve through these ways → 'bulimic' society→ ↑ crime
transnational companies allow these opportunities
MORE OPPORTUNITIES FOR CRIME
globalisation offers...
opportunities for new crimes
new means to do crime, e.g. through internet
opportunities for perpetrators to be in once place, and offend in another
harder time for police to investigate, e.g. tracking + convicting offenders, deciding which country should prosecute
SUPPLY AND DEMAND
↑ global inequality + developing world poverty, rising expectations from media→ push for western immigration
western countries make immigration difficult usually, which creates human-trafficking, leading to victims going into slavery or prostitution for repayments
affluent developed countries have demands for drugs when other opportunities aren't available, so look for supply from countries in poverty like bol., afgh., col., who have high income from growing
the affluent have demands for body parts, which come from the poor in developing countries selling their organs/ forced prostitutes
GLOBAL RISK SOCIETY
beck
:
'global risk society'
- globalisation has led to people becoming more 'risk conscious' - fearful due to risks from globalisation, making it difficult to identify a perpetrator for these fears
media increase these fears by moral panics from overreports, presenting so-called threats, which can fuel hate crimes against people considered 'different'
EVALUATION
research into crime + globalisation is important as it covers newer, more dramatic + serious forms of crime, both local + global crimes
difficult to study crime + globalisation as research dependant on secondary sources; accurate stats not always available; potential for lack of validity
some argue globalisation's impact is exaggerated; reports of crimes are by media, who tend to exaggerate/ overreport
globalisation can help track + convict criminals - interconnectedness between global law enforcement can toughen up investigations→ more difficult for offenders