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3.2- protestant reformation - Coggle Diagram
3.2- protestant reformation
Criticisms of Catholic Church
Political Power
Long wars, invasions, etc.
Simony - buying & selling of church offices
Sale of Indulgences
type of pardon that lessened the time of punishment a soul faced for sins
Increase in wealth & lavish lifestyle
Humanists argue return to simplicity
Martin Luther
German monk & professor of theology
1517 - Wrote & published 95 Theses
Indulgences = no basis in Bible
Pope = no authority to release souls
Christians saved only through faith
1521 - Excommunicated by Pope Leo X
Diet of Worms
1521 - Luther invited to Worms by Charles V (H.R.E)
Diet (assembly) of German princes
Expected to defend his writings
Charles V declared Luther an outlaw
Luther hailed as hero & accepted teachings
Support of Protestant Reforms
Printing = spread new ideas
Protestants - protested Pope’s authority
Gained support across Europe & social classes
Clergy - end corrupt practices
Princes - throw off rule of Church & Holy Roman Emperor (Germany)
Violence in Germany
1524 - Peasants Revolt (Germany)
Peasants demand end to serfdom
Denounced by Luther
Result = 100,000 peasants killed
1530s & 1540s - wars in Germany
1555 - Peace of Augsburg
Settlement ends violence
Each prince decides religion for lands
John Calvin
Born in France
Trained as priest & lawyer
1536 - published Institutes of Christian Religion
1541 - moves to Geneva, Switzerland
Theocracy - government run by Church
Seen as Protestant model community
Impact of the Reformation
New religious ideas spread
Demonstrated impact of printing press
Late 1500’s - religious movements & conflicts
Germany - Catholics & Lutherans oppose Calvinists
France - Catholics & Calvinists
Netherlands - Dutch Reformed Church
Scotland - Presbyterian Church