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DNA and RNA - Coggle Diagram
DNA and RNA
each sugar group is attached to a third type of molecule called NUCLEOTIDE BASE
biological compounds containing nitrogen
5 primary nucleobases: adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine and uracil
DNA contains adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine
RNA contains adenine, cytosine, guanine, uracil
they bond in a specific way forming complementary pairs
COMPLEMENTARY BASE PAIR: adenine bonding only to thymine and cytosine bonding to guanine
occurs across the molecule, leading to a peculiar double-stranded system: the structure of the DNA molecule is a double helix and RNA is a single-stranded molecule
are the most important biological molecules and are essential for life
DNA stores all the genetic information
RNA functions as a carrier of this information, a catalyst of biochemical reactions and enables the process called protein synthesis
DNA
material that makes up genes which pass on and determine the characteristics of living organisms
compared to a set of blueprints: contains the instructions needed to construct other components of cells
cells are fundamental working units of living organisms
all the instruction needed to direct their activities are contained with DNA: nucleic acid
NUCLEIC ACIDS: linear biopolymers composed of a backbone made of alterning pentose sugar and phosphate molecules bonded together in a long chain
if the sugar is deoxyribose, the polymer is DNA
if the sugar is ribose, the polymer is RNA
RNA
contributes to converting genetic information from genes into the amino acid sequences of proteins
three types of RNA
mRNA: carries genetic information between DNA and ribosomeand control protein synthesis
rRNA: major component of the ribosome and catalyzes peptide bon formation
tRNA: serves as the carrier molecule for amino acids to be used in protein synthesis and is responsable to decoding mRNA