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Chap 2 Social Networks - Coggle Diagram
Chap 2 Social Networks
Definition
people who someone is in
direct contact
with
Characteristics
repeated interactions
mutual mental representations of the relationship
important because of resources
social relationship
Types
Global Network
all the connections we have
Personal Network
support network
bidirectional reciprocity
Friend Network
Family Network
Work Network
Ties
Strong Ties
Weak Ties
lower on all 4 dimensions
make up daily lives
impt for gathering information and wellbeing
Absent Ties
differ on 4 factors
Intimacy
Time
Emotional Intensity
Reciprocity
Theories
Social-Emotional Selectivity Theory
Goals
Emotional
now-focused
meaning-making in the moment
more impt for older ppl
Knowledge
future-focused
acquiring knowledge for living better life in the future
more impt for younger people
Experiment
manipulating time horizon
both age groups chose close friends
no manipulation of time horizons
:older_man::skin-tone-2: chose close friends
:boy::skin-tone-2: had equal chance of choosing all 3 options
Social Convoy Theory
life like a convoy
some ppl stay & some ppl go
Hypothetical
inner circle more stable
outer circle more susceptible to change
Life events
entering a romantic rs or breaking up
moving
having children
Meta analysis
Change over life course
Global network
peaks at around 26 years and levels off
aligns w SST
Personal network
declines with age
Friend network
declines with age
Family network
remains relatively stable
Work network
lack of studies from 40 to 60
not much is known
Differences
Global network
bigger in :boy::skin-tone-2: & smaller in :older_man::skin-tone-2:
Personal network
bigger in :boy::skin-tone-2: & smaller in :older_man::skin-tone-2:
only 1 study for younger ppl
Friend Network
bigger in :boy::skin-tone-2: & smaller in :older_man::skin-tone-2:
Family Network
same for :boy::skin-tone-2: & :older_man::skin-tone-2:
Life events
play a role
effects are indistinguishable from age effects
Older vs Younger
Strengths
Relationship Regulation
:older_man::skin-tone-2:
more effort
less concerned w reciprocity
higher time investment and also more invested
Conflict
:older_man::skin-tone-2:
more forgiving
:arrow_down: negative appraisal
:arrow_down: conflict engagement
Social Input Model
social partners regulate each other's emotions through verbal and facial expressions
partners of :older_man::skin-tone-2:
more forgiving towards them and blame less for missteps
may have biases & stereotypes about old people
more kind to them
study on conflict management w younger and older friends
Engagement
used more for :boy::skin-tone-2:
Confrontation
used more for :boy::skin-tone-2:
Avoidance
used more for :older_man::skin-tone-2:
Closeness
positive perceptions
of relationships linked with better health
fewer but closer relationships
Vulnerabilities
Consequences of negative interactions
relation btw negative interactions & physical health :arrow_up: with age
:heavy_minus_sign: impacts of :heavy_minus_sign: intcns outweighs :heavy_plus_sign: impacts of :heavy_plus_sign: intcns
usually in family
Persistent Conflict
most detrimental to health & wellbeing
cumulative effects with age
increased health dependency on caregivers provides more opportunities for conflict
ambivalent rs also have :heavy_minus_sign: effects
love & care + tension & conflict
Loss
exponential :arrow_up: in likelihood of loss with age
Consequences
deficit of positive emotions
small moments that act as daily reminders of loss
:arrow_up: chance of passing within the year when partner dies (43%)
Coping with loss
Social Network Compensation
compensate for same level of intimacy
harder to achieve
Social Network Substitution
eg. turning to children
less accessible and intimate
social network before widowhood is impt factor
more diverse social network linked to better adjustment outcomes
Cultural variations
Old age perceptions
life events vs physical condition
Care for :older_man::skin-tone-2:
Family care VS institutionalised care
Death Meaning
Korean
women are elevated to status of men after death in the ancestral plane
Niue
:older_man: left alone when nearing death
Lusi-Kaliai
social death before physical death
Grieving
Continuing Bonds Theory
maintaining rs w deceased person
Direct Connections
eg. leaving a place at the table for dead person
Mediated via 3rd party
eg. dream interpreters or shamans
public expressions of grief
duration of grief
