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Human Reproductive System - Coggle Diagram
Human Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System
Protest Gland: Carries the sperm from the testes to the penis.
Penis: Delivers sperm into the female reproductive system.
Scrotum: Holds testes outside the body.
Urethra: Allows the passage of urine and sperm out of the male.
Testes: Produce sperm and testosterone.
[seminal fluid + sperm = semen]
Sperm
Adaptations
Lots of mitochondria to provide energy to the sperm to swim and fertilise the egg.
Shape of the egg to prostrate the egg.
Tail to help the swim.
Produces in large numbers to increase chances of fertilisation.
Anatomy
Mitochondria
Nucleous
Female Reproductive System.
Uterus (womb): Location of the implantation. The foetus grows here. Wall of the womb forms the placenta during pregnancy.
Cervix: Where the sperm enter the female reproductive system.
Fallopian Tube: Carries the gg from the ovary to the womb. Egg and sperm meet here, and fertilisation happens.
Vagina: Penis is placed here during sexual intercourse. It is the birth canal where the baby exits at birth.
Ovary: Males eggs and makes hormones.
Egg
Adaptations
The egg as lots of mitochondria for energy for the developing embryo.
Has a barrier to prevent more than one sperm fertilising the egg.
Large to contain food supply for the embryo.
Anatomy
Egg Structure
Nucleous
Characteristics
Primary
Characteristics we were born with
Female
Presence of female sex organs
Male
Presence of male sex organs
Testes
Penis
Secondary
Characteristics at puberty.
Male
Broadening of the shoulders.
Growth spurt.
Height.
Growth of muscle and bones.
Enlargement of voice box
Voice breaks.
Growth of facial, underarm, public and body hair.
Female
Widening of hips.
Increase in body fat.
Growth of breasts.
Growth of pubic/underarm hair.
Height - growth spurt.
Beginning of menstrual cycle.
periods.
Menstrual Cycle
The lining of the womb is shed out of the body.
Starting at puberty (around 12 years old), most females experience a menstrual cycle.
The menstrual cycle lasts for around 28 days and is divided into four phases
Phase 1: Menstruation
Day 1-5 - The uterus lining breaks down and is shed through the vagina. This is often called a 'period'.
Phase 2: Uterus lining thickens
Day 5-13 - The uterus lining builds ups and thickens.
Phase 4: Maintenance
Day 15-28 - The uterus lining remains thick in case an egg cell is fertilised. If the egg cell is not fertilised the cycle starts again.
Phase 3: Ovulation
Day 14 - The ovary releases an egg cell, this is the time when the female is most fertille.
Key Words
Sexual Intercourse: Erect penis is placed in the vagina of the female and the semen is deposited in the cervix.
Zygote: A zygote is a ball of cells formed after fertilisation.
Fertile Period: Days when pregnancy can occur (egg is present).
Fertilisation: Fustion of the egg and the sperm to form a zygote.
Implantation: Fertilised egg attached to lining of womb.
Menstruation: The lining of the womb shed out of the body.
Pregnancy: Time taken for foetus to develope in the womb - 40 weeks (9 months).
Time and Stages of Pregnancy
6 days - 8 weeks: Major organs of the embryos form. The ovaries/testes are noticeable, bone is forming.
3 months: The embryo is now called a foetus. Baby organs formed.
4-6 months: The foetus can move by itself and can make digestive enzymes. The mother can feel the baby moving and kicking.
7-9 months: The feotus increases in size. Babies born at nine months will be 3-3.5 kg. The placenta will have a similar mass.
Key Words
Umbilical Cord: Connects placenta to the baby.
Toxic Substance: e.g. Alcohol, chemicals from vaping, etc. Can pass to baby through placenta and cause harm to developing baby.
Placenta: Develops after implantation. Temporary organ allows materials to pass between mother and baby. e.g. nutrients/waste/ oxygen/CO2. Another name for the placenta is the After Birth.
Placenta is delivered after the baby is born.
Birth
When the baby is ready to be born (around 40 weeks) it turns and positions itself inside the womb - Head First.
Water break - when the amniotic sac burst and amniotic fluid passes out of the cervix.
Baby is pushed "Head First" through the cervix (dilated 10cm) through the birth canal.
Labour begins with muscular contractions of wall of the womb to allow the baby to pass through the cervix.
Umbilical cord is clamped and out.
"After Birth"