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Chapter 40 Animal forms and functions - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 40 Animal forms and functions
How are animals forms and functions correlated to all levels of organization
Epithelial tissue is categorized by their cell shapes and their layers, the general function is for protection, absorption, and excursion
squamous is squashed shaped
columnar is taller than they are wide
cuboidal is a shaped llke a cube
stratified are multiple layers
simple is one layer
pseudostratified is false layers
Connective tissue is categorized by the types of cells that are found in the tissues and the function of the extracellular matrix
blood (found in through the body)
fibrous connective (found in tendons)
bone (found in skeleton)
adipose (found throughout the body)
loose connective (found in skin and throughout the body)
cartilage (found in invertebrate disks, joints)
divergent evolution is different selective pressures in the environment cause mutations in homeostatic genes
Muscle tissue
cardiac muscle is striated muscle and has disks that is responsible for the contraction of the walls of the heart
intercalated disks are specialized regions found in the cardiac muscles that are a crucial role in the functions of the heart (glue cells together for when the heart contracts they stay together)
smooth muscle are non-striated muscle that is responsible for involuntary movement, found in the digestive tract, urinary bladder, arteries and other internal organs
Skeletal muscle is striated muscles that are responsible for voluntary movement, attached to bones by tendons
convergent evolution is when nonrelated species in similar environmental pressures lead to related adaptations
Nervous tissue makes up our nervous system, it functions in receipt, processing, and transmission of information
found in the nervous system; the brain, spinal cord, nerves,
-axon is a single long extension that transmits information away from the cell body
-dendrites are highly branched extensions from the cell body of a neuron
-glia are support cells
What is feedback control? And why is it found in many animals
Negative feedback is when a stimulus is decrease to go back to homeostasis (sweating when cold is an example of this)
Positive feedback is when the stimulus is amplified (contractions during labor, blood clotting are some examples of this
Thermoregulation
-regulators maintain a set point while the outside environment is changing
~endothermy; maintaining internal body temperature from metabolism (examples of this are mammals and birds)
-conformers take on the characteristics of their environment
~ectothermy; heat source is from their environment (examples of this are reptiles, fish, and amphibians
What are homeostatic processes
the term cold blooded is misleading because they can be warmer than humans if they stay out in the sun
Fevers are when we have an increase in our body temperature to speed up metabolism which then causes more T-cells to be created to help fight of an infection or disease
heat can be transferred by radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation
-animals use fat, hair, feathers, and oil to insulate themselves
-humans get. goosbumps when cold because we have muscles that make our hair stand up to protect us from the cold
The hypothalamus is the thermostat of the body
vasoconstriction is the constricting of blood vessels to keep heat into the body; that is why we turn blue when we are cold and vasodilation is the opening of blood vessels to get rid of heat; that is why we turn red when we are working out or hot
Energy requirements are all related
Torpor is a short term shutting down of the body when the environment isn't favorable
BMR is basal metabolic rate and SMR is standard metabolic rate
-small animals tend to have higher metabolic rate while larger animals tend to have a lower metabolic rate
Hibernation is a long term shutting down of the body when conditions aren't favorable
Estivation is napping during the hottest part of the day