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Chapter 13 - Alkenes II - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Repeat unit is the specific arrangement of atoms in the polymer that repeats over and over again
      - Repeat unit is written in square brackets
      - After the bracket, the letter n is placed to show there is a large number of repeats
  - - - Made from heating lagre number of ethene molecules at high pressure
      - Used in toys, straws
    - - Used to make a flexible/ rigid polymer
      - Used in pipes
    - - Used in children's toys and fibre for ropes
    - - Polystyrene
      - Used for packaging material
      - Thermal insulating properties so used in food trays and cups
    - - Teflon
      - Used as coating in non-stick pans due to its non reactivity
  - - - Many alkene based polymers are non-biodegradable
      - Growing polymer waste has killed alot of marine life
    - - Recylcing polymers reduces their environmental impact by conserving resources and decrease waste going to landfill
      - Recycling process is undermined if polymers are mixed as it renders the product unusable
    - - Disposal and recycling of PVC is hzardous due to the high chlorine content and the range of additives present
      - When burnt it releases hydrogen chloride, a corrosive gas aswell as other pollutants like toxic dioxins
      - Newer technology uses solvents to dissolve the polymer, and then high grade PVC is recovered by precipitation from the solvent
    - - Waste polymers can be incinerated to produce heat, generating steam to drive a turbine and produce electricity
      - Some polymers are hard to recycle due to their high stored energy value since they're derviced from petroleum/ natural gas
    - - Chemical and thermal processes that can reclaim monomers, gases or oil from waste polymers
      - Products from feedstock recycling resemble those produced form crude oil in refineries
      - Materials can be used as raw materials for the production of new polymers
      - It can handle unsorted and unwashed polymers
  - - - Broken down by microogranisms into water, Co2 and biological compouds
      - Polymers are usually made from starch/ cellulose
      - compostable polymers degrade and leave no visible/ toxic residues
      - Supermerket bags made from plant starch can be used as bin liners for food waste so the waste and bag can be composted together
      - Compostable plates/ cups and food trays made from suagr cane fibre are replacing expanded polystyrene
    - - Photodegradable oil-based polyers contain bonds that are weakend by absorbing light
      - Light absorbing additives can also be used to start degradation