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Chapter 41 Animal Nutrients - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 41 Animal Nutrients
Animal diets
essential nutrients are vitamins, minerals, certain amino acids and macromolecules
vitamins
-not water soluble are A,D,E,K
-water soluble are B, B2, C
lipids, carbs, proteins, and nucleic acids
-complete proteins include all 20 amino acids
-incomplete proteins don't include all 20
minerals are iron and sulfur
processing food
ingestion is the act of eating or feeding
Digestion is the act of breaking down food into small molecules
Absorption is cells taking up the nutrients
Elimination is undigested material gets taken out of the body
Different types of feeding
-bulk feeding is when you put a whole bunch of food in and then is slowly digest taking a long while
-filter feeding is eating small things
-substrate feeding is something that eats what it’s on like fleas, ticks, caterpillars on plants
-fluid feeding is only eating fluids (sucking up)
NEMATODES WERE THE FIRST TO HAVE A THROUGH GUT
Organs of the digestive system
peristalsis is the movement of objects through a tube
food goes from the mouth to the esophagus to the stomach to the small intestine to the large intestine to the rectum to the anus
the small intestine comes first and that is where most chemical digestion occurs
the large intestine comes next and absorbs most of the water to turn what is going to be eliminated into a solid
the stomach doesn’t really digest the food instead the acid denatures proteins and begins breaking down food into a liquid
How do organisms adapt to their diets
sharp teeth is for hunting meat, herbivores have a pair of scissor teeth and then flat grinding teeth, and omnivores have a bit of everything
cecum is for digesting plant matter
microbiome, the collection of microorganisms living in and on the body, along with their genetic material
Feedback in digestion
glucagon releases glucose from your liver back into your bloodstream
type one diabetes is an autoimmune disease that causes the inability to produce insulin. while Type 2 diabetes is caused by a harmful diet which causes failure to take up glucose
the hormones glucagon and insulin are the main hormones involved in digestion
ghrelin tells you you're hungry by making your tummy growl
PYY tells you you’re full