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Motor Neuron Disease (MND) - Coggle Diagram
Motor Neuron Disease (MND)
Neuroanatomy
neurosensory pathway - ascending - afferent
neuromotor pathway - descending - efferent
Pathophysiology
What is MND?
There is damage to the central and peripheral nervous system.
A non-curable, degenerative neurological disorder.
This causes progressive muscle stiffness, wasting and weakness.
Aetiology
ageing - premature ageing means premature loss.
viruses - chronic virus infection, resulting in damage to the interior horn.
free radicals - leading to a build up of waste
environmental toxins - certain metals
excitotoxity - neurons die at unsafe levels of neurotransmitter glutamate.
minerals - calcium deficiency
Largely unknown
Genetic - chromosome 21
Epidemiology
rare disease
males more likely - 3:2
onset 40-60
ALS most common 65%
Dagnosis
diagnosed by elimination
Clinical features
dysphagia and dysarthria
fronto temporal dementia
weakness and wasting
It is MND type specific (UMN or LMN)
Symptoms
loss of mobility - falls and physical dependence.
respiratory - breathlessness and fatigue
non-verbal - facial expression and gesture
swallowing - dysphagia - nutrition, saliva and weakened cough
speech - dysarthria
Cognitive - dementia, depression
physical - muscle weakness, spasms and cramps, pain, stiffness
Management
Medical
Symptom control - no cure
Riluzole - 2-3months delay
MDT
SLT
AAC - high and low tech
voice banking
education
swallowing
functional communication
later stages of communication