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INGLESE RIASSUNTI, POETRY:
period of innovation
from verse to…
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POETRY:
- period of innovation
- from verse to classical semplicity
- from metaphisycal eccentricities to order and clarity
- satric spirit during restoration
- Principal writers : Jhon Dryden -> rules of poetry age
PROSE:
- main characters :
- John Locke (Essay of concerning human understanding)
sai that prime source of human knowledge was experience trough sense
- Hobbes (Leviathan)
individual selfishness was controlled by public forces
- Isaac Newton (Philosphia Naturalis principia mathematica)
published laws of motion and universal gravitation
- scientific attitude encouraged self confidence in Human progress
- Royal Society set up and improved the use fo english instead of latin
- impostrant writers : John Evelyn , Samuel Pepys
RESTORARION OF THEATER
- against putrial morals
- legal in 1660 (perios of grat changes in the style of plays , acting , audience
- characteristic of theaters : roofed , lighted with candles , curtains , back stage(important scenes) movable scenes , audience on benches or boxes.
- higher prices , more fashionable variety of perfomance
- female played female roles
- audience Upper classes
- place for fashionable and highest classes meetings .
THE COMMEDY OF MANERS
- best expression of dramma was the commedy of manners
- making fun of manners and absurdies of artificial and sofisticated society.
- new character : THE FOP elegant but opposed to GALANT or fortunat lover
- the heroine was interested to fashion more than morals .
- plot less important that dialogue and prose
- new more realistic themes : marriage ,sex, money.
- important characters: William Wycherley . William Congreve
READING PUBLIC
- economic and intellectual progress spread interest in reading that has been limited by low level of literacy.
- In towns were situated a lot of schools wich where attended also by poor people that couldn't buy book but could read only from newspapers and pamphlets.
- new reading class : middle class women
PROSE
- during the same period rise of prose
- also inspired novel and journalism
- novels now had a rational , critic and new vision of the world
- but ptrian morality played a leading role , Main composers : Defoe , Richardson
- new 18th century trend composers : Addison , Jhonson (criticies his prefaces of sheakspear and loves of poets).
POETRY
- breaking away from metaphysical poetry , now giving a social provide.
- No expression of personal filings
- used criticism and moral concern
- subjects: mockheroic acheving showing a comic effect .
- use of poetic diction ( standard phrases forevery day objects)
DRAMA
- middle class joined the teather
- assisted to kind of ballads mixed with adventures and love .
- john Gay wrote the beggar's opera where he creates a fantastic world where the characters are rogues and vagabonds
- the comedy manners where replaced with the sentimental commedy wich threath sbjects like every day problems.
WRITERS AIM
- mithology and legends abbandoned
- simple writing , to bee understandable by everyone
- speed and copiouness became the more important things with the economic virtues
MESSAGE OF THE NOVEL
- appealed to the tradesman and minded people
- the message was the reard and punishment
- related to the Putrian ethics.
NARRATIVE TECHNIQUE
- Narrator was omnipresent
- story wrote in 3rd person(author) or in 1st persone with the author as the main character.
- cronological sequel adapted in novels.
SETTING
- actions with a logicaltime complement
- realistic because of : real names , surnames , nameso of towns , cities, streets ... so caused the realism because people colud immagine the surrounding place.
TYPES OF NOVELS
- realistic novel : foucus on realism and description.
- utopian novel : immaginary nations with immmaginary and strange fractions wich cause the comparison with the english society.
- epistolarian novel : exchange of letters between characters
- picaresque novel : episodic structure , adventures of a young hero who deals with misfortune but menages to escape bad situations using his wit
- anti novel: little relation but shows desorder to human brain because in sno linked logicaly
JONATHAN SWIFT
- Born in Dublin (1667) , he and his family returned in England during the gloriuos revolution(1688). Where Swift secretary to sir Williams (Whig) who encouraged him to publish his work.
- His best Works:
- The battle of books (support of Temple's defence and rejected modern critisism and poetry.
- A tale of a tub talked about the contending religious parties of the day.
- 1694 return in Irland as an Anglican priest,and lately assigned the Dean of Dublin's St Patrick Cathedral, where he donated 1/3 of his income to charity.
- He began to write pamphlets about the injustice Irland is suffering from , most famous where: Drapiers Letters where he assumed the role as M.B.
-1726 published The Gullivers Travels
- 1729 the modest proposal that the irish children should be sold as food for the rich.
CONTROVERSIAL WRITER
- Swift is one of the most discussed among English Writers, discribed as with a morbid attitude, a monster or a loverkind.
- He was interested in politics and society , his attitude was conservative.
- Swift was not an optimist reaguard's england , in fact he described himself as hater of a man , saing that the mankind was comparable to anils.
- Swift used mostly irony and satire that suited with his toughts , and lately achived parody combining the two.
GULLIVERS TRAVEL (+PLOT)
- Printed (1726) and written (1721-25)
- the novel has four settings , each one linked to gulliver voyages.
- 1 Gulliver's ship wrecked to the land of lilliputians , where he played the role of giant for little people(6 inch) who talked about their slf importance.
- PLOT 1 he wrecked his ship in the south pacific where he casts sorrounded by the lilliputians and where he falls asleep , they carry him to the capital , and house him in a temple , he learns their lenguage ,and becomes their king . after some time he returns to england.
- 2 next voyage was in brondignag, where he feals like a lilliputian surrounded by giants, and where he finds out that he must use his wist to sruvive.
- PLOT 2 in 1702 he sails for india but finds himself in brondignag (alaska) here the natives are giants and gullivers become the king's pet in a cage , the king talks with him about governating system in europe , a bird lift's his cage and drops him in the midlle of the ocean , and is rescued by english people.
- 3 he travelled to laputa allows him to satire the scentific population of GB
- PLOT 3 thnks to magnetism he find himself in laputa , inhabitated by scientists , philosophers and astronomers, he goes to the vapital lagado , and he sees : accademy where crazy experiments are made , and the island drops him in england
- 4 is in the land of hyunims a country governed by intellectual horses , where Swift critices humanity (particullary gb population.
- PLOT 4 his voyage lead him to the island of hyunims inteligent horses that rules over yahoos (creratures reasemling human appearence , he describves their superiority and is ashamed of his similarity of yahoos , when the horses banish him he reutrns to england , and he thinks he does not reassemble the society anymore and he stamblished among tha animals that reminded him of the hyunims
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