Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Rita Lomeli per:5 Nervous system, :, Link Title - Coggle Diagram
Rita Lomeli per:5 Nervous system
Disorders and diseases
Cerebrovascular accident( stroke)- occurs when blood flow to a portion of brain is halted
Alzheimer disease- A form of dementia associated with age
Autism- Brain disorder that makes it difficult to communicate
Spinal cord injury- Damage to spinal cord
Meningitis - infection in the meninges surrounding the brain
multiple sclerosis- Autoimmune disease that damages the myelin sheath
Drugs of abuse
Heroine- it produces a feeling of sedation and well being
Ecstasy- it is responsible for mood, sleep, perception and appetite; addiction properties
Marijuana- Involved in removing unnecessary short term memories; its responsible for slowing down movement, making us feel relaxed and calm
Methamphetamine- highly addictive; makes the user feel intense pleasure and exhilaration
cocaine- controls voluntary movements, causing users to fidget and be unable to stay still
alcohol- it affects areas of the brain involved I'm memory formation, descision making, and impulse control
LSD- responsible for feelings of wakefulness and evoling a startle response to unexpected stimulus; hallucinations
mayor parts and functions of the brain
Motor areas- control voluntary movement ; sensory areas- conscious awareness of sensation , association areas- integrate diverse information
Sensory areas- Areas of cortex concerned with conscious awareness of sensation
primary somatosensory cortex- receives general sensory information from the skin and proprioceptors of skeletal muscle, joints, and tendons
somatosensory association cortex- determines size, texture, and relationship of parts of objects being felt.
Multimodal association areas- processes sensations, thoughts, emotions, ,makes us who we are
Basal nuclei- influences muscle movement
corpora quadrigemina- visual reflex center / auditory reflex centers
functional groups of medulla oblongata- cardiovascular center, respiratory center- etc.
Major functions of the nervous system- The central nervous system (CNS)
The peripheral nervous system (PNS)
controlling the body -The somatic nervous system that controls the voluntary actions and the autonomic nervous system controls all the involuntary actions.
Response- it helps manage the response of the body, to the brain after receiving the sensations or stimuli.
sensation- receptors, send impulses (electrochemical pulses) to the spinal cord and brain via nerves.
Reception of general sensory information (touch, pressure, temperature, pain, vibration)
Receiving and perceiving special sensations (taste, smell, vision, sounds
integration- The reception of the signal and the processing of the response.
spinal nerves
there are 31 pairs: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal. Each pair connects the spinal cord with a specific region of the body.
cranial nerves
12 pairs of cranial nerves
olfactory
optic
3.oculomotor
4.trochlear
5.trigeminal
6.trigeminal
abducens
facial
8.vestibulocochlear
10.vagus
accesory
hypoglossal
Glossopharyngeal nerves
Mayor divisions and subdivisions of the nervous system
CNS-consist of the brain and spinal cord
Brain regions and oganization: 1. cerebral hemispheres, 2. diencephalon, 3. brain steam ( midbrain, pons, and medulla, 4. cerebellum
grey matter- short nonmyelinated; white matter- myelinated
Gyri- ridges, sulci- shallow grooves, fissures- deep groves
Longitudinal fissure- separates two hemispheres; transverse cerebral fissure- separates cerebrum and cerebellum
five lobes- frontal, pariental, temporal, occipital, and insula
neurotransmitters
Major neurotransmitters of ANS are actlycholine and norepinephrine
Cholinergic fibers release Ach
Adrenergic fibers release NE
Effects of neurotransmitters depends on whether it binds to cholinergic receptors or adrenergic receptors
Cholinergic receptors: have two types of cholinergic receptors that bind Ach, 1. NIcotinic receptors , 2. Muscarinic receptors
Adrenergic receptors : two major classes that respond to NE or epinephrine, Alpha(a) receptors, ANS Beta( B) receptors
Reflex arc
reflex arc, neurological and sensory mechanism that controls a reflex, an immediate response to a particular stimulus
A reflex arc is a neural pathway consisting of five components: receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, and effector.
Neurons/ neuroglia
The neurons conduct the cells in the nervous system. A typical neuron consists of a cell body, which contains the nucleus and the surrounding cytoplasm; dendrites; and one the axon.
Neurons receive and transmit nerve impulses into the neurological system. Neuroglia are nervous system supporting cells that offer mechanical and structural support to neurons.
Major parts of the spinal cord
connective tissue coverings
The outermost connective tissue sheath surrounding the entire muscle is the epimysium. The connective tissue sheath covering each fasciculus is known as perimysium, and the innermost sheath surrounding individual muscle fiber is known as endomysium
:
Link Title