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Nervous System Jaime Chavez Period 5 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Somatic nervous system (voluntary): impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles. Conscious control of skeletal muscle
      - Autonomic nervous system (involuntary): impulses from CNS to cardiac and smooth muscle, and glands.
        
        Sympathetic division: mobilizes body stems during activity, does not moves body, it prepares it for movement.
        
        parasympathetic division low energy use while in rest for carrying maintenance activities like digestion
- - - - Dendrites: receptive (input) region of neuron. convey incoming messages toward cell body.
      - Axon: very long axons are called nerve fibers. endings are called axon terminals. They are the conducting region. Generate nerve impulses in the terminal, neurotransmitters are secreted.
        
        myelin sheath: protect and insulate axon. increase speed of nerve impulse.
- - - - Midbrain: between diencephalon and pons. Contains cerebral penduncles (hold up cerebellum), cerebral aqueduc, corpora quadrigeminal, and substantia nigra.
      - Pons: between midbrain and medulla oblongata. fourth ventricle separates pones and cerebellum. play role in reticular formation, and normal rhythm of breathing.
      - Medulla oblongata: blends into spinal cord. cardiovascular center, respiratory center, Regulates vomiting, hiccuping, swallowing, coughing, and sneezing.
    - - Thalamus: relay station for information coming into cortex. regulates emotion and visceral function. direct mo mediate sensation, motor activities, cortical arousal, learning and memory. tor cortices.
      - Hypothalamus: Control and regulating center. controls autonomic nervous system, physical response to emotions. part of limbic system. controls endocrine system. Regulates: blood pressure, hunger, water balance, thirst, sleep-cycle.
      - Epithalamus: secretes melatonin that helps regulate sleep.
    - - Surface makings
        
        Gyry: ridges
        
        sulci: shallow grooves. Central sulcus separates precentral gyrus of frontal lobe and postcentral gyrus of parietal lob. Parieto-occipital sulcus separates occipital and parietal lobe. Lateral sulcus outlines temporal lobes
        
        Fissures: deep grooves. longitudinal fissure: separates two hemispheres. Transverse cerebral fissure: separates cerebrum and cerebellum.
      - Lobes
        
        Frontal: thinking, planning, organizing, problem solving, short term memory, movement.
        
        Parietal: feeling, sensory information, taste, texture, temperature.
        
        Temporal: smell, taste, sound, memory storage
        
        Occipital: visual interpretation and recognition.
        
        Insula: sensory and affective processing to high-level cognition
      - Basic Regions
        
        Cerebral cortex: concious mind: awarness, sensory perception, voluntary motor initiation, communication, memory storage, understanding. Superficial layer of gray matter (composed of neuron cell bodies, cendrite, glial cells, and blood vessels.)
        
        Motor areas: control voluntary movement. 4 subdivisions: 1) Primary motor cortex: controls; lateral motor innervation of body Regions. 2)Premotor cortex: helps plan movements. 3)Broca's area: speech production. 4)Frontal eye field.
        
        Sensory areas: councious awarness of sensation. 8 subdivisions. 1) Primary somatonsensory cortex: sensory information from skin, skeletal muscle, joints, and tendons. 2)somatonsensory association cortex: understanding of an object's size, texture, etc. 3) visual areas. 4) auditory areas. 5) vestibular cortex. 6) olfactory cortex. 7)gustatory corex. 8) visceral sensatory area
        
        Association areas: meaning to information, store memory, experience, decide on axion. make us who we are. 1) anterior association area. 2) posterior association area. 3) limbic association area
        
        White matter: communication between cortex and lower CNS. association, commisural, and projection fibers.
        
        Basal nuclei: movement, cognition, emotion