12 pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the Brain: Olfactory=Smell, Optic=Vision, Oculomotor= Eyelid and eye control (pupils), Trochlear=Directs eyeball, Trigeminal=Sensory areas from various areas of the face, Abducens=Innervates lateral rectus muscle (eyeball), Facial=Motor nerves of face for facial expressions, Vestibulocochlear=Hearing and balance, Glossopharyngeal=Controls the tongue, conducts taste, Vagus=Extends beyond head and neck to help regulate heart, lungs, & abdominal viscera, Accessory=Innervates trapezius & sternocleidomastoid, formed from C1 to C5 of spinal cord, Hypoglossal=Innervate extrinsic & intrinsic muscles of tongue (swallowing/speech).