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Parkinson's - Coggle Diagram
Parkinson's
Basal ganglia
Functions
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cognitive function - memory, attention, motivation
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Filter
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The basal ganglia acts as a filter that screens out unwanted, exaggerated movements.
Pathology
dopamine - neurotransmitter responsible for controlling movement and co-ordination (and emotional responses).
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Affects dopaminergic neurons extending from the substantia nigra, and cell death as the disease progresses - degeneration of dopaminergic neurons.
As dopamine levels decrease, the brain struggles to regulate movement, leading to characteristic symptoms of Parkinson's, such as tremors, stiffness and slowness.
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Substantia nigra
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The basal ganglia relies on dopamine in order to function properly - and to aid in initiation, motor control, motor learning and emotions.
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Clinical Features
Non-motor
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autonomic response - greasy skin, constipation, incontinence
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Motor
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micrographic - small, cramped hand-writing.
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The typical triad - bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity.
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Management
Deep-brain stimulation
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electrode are inserted directly onto the target are and deliver high frequency stimulation resulting in changes in the electrical signals.
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Drug therapy
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other side effects are impulsive and compulsive disorder, hallucinations and delusions, and sleep problems.
Levodopa - L-dopa. It is a natural substrate for synthesis of dopamine. The side effect is nausea and vomiting.
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