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Free will philosophy - Coggle Diagram
Free will philosophy
Incompatibilism
if determinism is true we don’t have free will. However, if no one is free, then no one is responsible either.
=> determinism is not compatible with free will
Libertarianism: free will is incompatible with determinism and determinism is false as some human actions are freely chosen
Immanuel Kant, Jean-Paul Sartre and Peter van Inwagen
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Free will scepticism
doubt the existence of free will, but don’t believe in determinism; free will is an illusion
Hard determinism
determinism is true, therefore there is no free will; all events are caused by past events; nothing else than what is happening can happen.
Even though we can’t exactly pinpoint the causes of our actions, we could in theory do so if we knew enough about the workings of our brain and the laws of the universe.
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Hard incompatibilism: there is no free will, regardless of whether or not determinism is true
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Determinism
Definition: whatever happened has to happen; all actions are consequences of causes external to the person, meaning that everything is predetermined and unavoidable
types
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causal: whatever happens, happens ultimately as a necessary outcome of what has already happened;
=> everything is entirely predetermined
Compatabilism
action is predetermines, it couldn’t not happen, but when an action of an agent is self-determined, that action should be seen as freely chosen and the agen is morally responsible for it.
=>determinism doesn't mean free will is impossible
Soft determinism: determinism is true and we, nonetheless, have free will; Some human actions are, nonetheless, freely chosen
Thomas Hobbes, David Hume, Harry Frankfurt and Daniel Dennett
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Laozi
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Free will - can stray from the dao and disrupt the natural order; virtuous life = staying aligned with the dao
The world is a series of cyclical changes(day-night, seasons, etc)
Acting without desire, ambition, or anything that is against the natural ways.
Kant
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Causality is a way in which we view the world, but the world is more complex than that at therefore there is room for freedom
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Hume
Free will - doing what you want(not doing something uncaused)
What people would do in a situation is predictable, but that doesn’t mean they didn’t choose to do it via their free will