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Neoplasia, childhood tu, resemble tumor, Infectious - Coggle Diagram
Neoplasia
mesenchymal tumour
Skeletal m.
RhabdoMyo
Sarcoma
Alveolar: 20%, 10-20y, deep m of limb, grey-whitish, looks like pulmn alv due to form lig septa, (t (1/2;13)
Pleomorphic : least, most aggre, >40y, limbs, bad prog, :latin_cross:
Embryonal: 60%, 3-12y, head -orbit, paranasal sin, nasopharynx, UGT- bladder, vagina,
sarcoma botryoides
:grapes:
RhabdoMyoma: sooo rare, may in myocardium ass w/ tuberous sclerosis sy
Smooth m.
LeioMyoma : UTERINE, GIT, skin, fasci spindle, cigar Ncl, actin, desmin, h-caldesmon
LeioMyoSarcoma : uterus, deep limb, retroperi, mts to lung, centeral nec
Adipocyte
Lipoma: 45y, neck, back, sk m. , not painful, oval-encap
Lipo-Sarcoma
1/4 of all Sarcoma
50-60y, gelatinous
prox limb, retroperito
Myxoid / Cellular ( t 12;16)
Pleomorphic : limbs, late age, rare
Well-diff > Ampli 12q (MDM2, CDK4)
Hibernoma
: B, brown adipose tissue,
Lipo-Blastoma
: < 3y, fetal adipose tissue
Fibroblastic &
Myo-Fibroblastic
Solitary Fibrous Tumor (SFT): patternless spindle cell, colla, horn vess, CD34+, BCL2
Fibro-Sarcoma : rare, retro-peritoneum , deep in limbs, mts to lung
Fibro-matosis
Superficial
plantar
penile (Peyronie's disease)
palmar (Dupuytren's disease)
Desmoid
(deep)
aggre, APC mut
Intra-Abdo > mesentry
Extra-Abdo > m.
Myxo-Fibro-Sarcoma : common, adult, extre, mts to lung
Nodular Faciitis : B, young adult, U/L extre, t(17;22), not behave like a tumor,
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- → hyper cellular spindle cell w/ self-limiting inflammation
Fibro-Histo-Cytic
Dermato-Fibroma
Dermato-Fibro-Saroma Protubrance (DFSP) : LG-M
vascular
Lymph- Angioma
Cavernous : <15 cm, child, hygroma colli cysticum, Turner's sy
Capillary
Angio-Sarcoma : skin, lymphedema, soft tissue, breast, liver, aggr, mts to lung & brain, bad prog - CD31,CD34, Fac8
Haem-Agioma
Cavernous : resemble cavernous penile body, liver, Kassabach-Merit's sy
Racemous (Arteriovenous) : anywhere, problem w/ CNS
Capillary : in children > strawberry mole
Vascular Ectasia
NOT True Tumor
Heredi Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (Olser-Weber-Rendu)
Naevus Flammeus ( Port-Wine-Stain) : limbs, head, neck
Kaposi's sarcoma : HHV-8 > sarcoma in AIDS, multi pig on skin and mucus mem, mts to LN - lung
Hem-Angio-Endotheliomas : limbs, liver, lung, aggre
Bone & Cartilage
Osseous
Osteoma
Osteoid osteoma
Osteoblastoma
Osteosarcoma
Chondroid
Chondroma
Chondroblastoma
Chondrosarcoma
Fibro-osseous
Mixed CT
Fibrous dysplasia
Ossifying fibroma
Synovial sarcoma
Perivascular amooth m.
(Pericytic tumors)
Glomus tumor (glom-angioma): B but painful, on finger, under nail,
Myopericytoma
Hemangiopericytoma
Nerve Sheath
Schwannoma
Neurofibroma
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST)
Surface epithelial
Squ cell Ca / (non) invasive Urothelial Ca / Basalioma (only on skin not mucous mem, no mts but local recurrence
Papiloma
urothelial cell
suamous cell > hallmark ; membranous bridges, cancer pearl inside the tumore , ulceration in middle
Precancerous
Actinic keratosis : chronic sun exposure / atypia in lower epidermis , small rough scaly patches
Bowen's disease > CIS : UV , HPV, \ / fuul atypia (entire epidermis), larger and well demarcated
Leukoplakia : mucosa keratinization and look white
Erythroplakia : with inflammatory reaction
NeuroEctodermal
Peripheral
Neurofibroma = mixed of Schwann cells, perineural cells, fibroblasts / neurofibro T1. (M to MPNST)
Malig Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor (MPNST)
Schwannoma
"Neurinoma /Neurilemmoma"
Antoni A
: palisade, verocay's bodies
Antoni B
: spindle / star , myxoid stroma
Peripheral n, Vestibular n, Spinal n.
enCap, Adult , neurofibro T2
rare
PeriNeurinoma
NeurotheComa (peripheral nerve sheath myxoma)
Glandular cell tumor
NeuroBlastic of ANS
Ganglio-Neuro-Blastoma = Neroblast + mature Neuron + Schwann
Ganglio-Neurroma = ganglion + Schwann
NeuroBlastoma : Adrenal medulla, Retroperito, mediastinum
ParaGang &
Pheochromocytoma
Tumor glomus caroticum = paraganglioma glomus caroticum
Chemodectoma = paraganglioma glomus jugulotympanicum
Pheochromocytoma = paraganglioma in the adrenal medulla
HSC
Leukemias
ACUTE
AML
: 80% - >20% of blasts - >65y - MDS, MPDS, radi, post therapy, Fanconi, Down, Wiskott Aldrich sy, ataxia telangiectasis, tumor lysis sy
ALL
: 20% - >25% od blast in BM, children(T-ALL) - >50y(B-ALL) - congenital, MDS, EBV, HIV, ... see p147
CH
CLL
: mostly B,
SLL
(lymphoma), men, Asymp, B symp, lymphadeno, hepatospleno, Richter's sy
CML
: (t(9;22)), old adult, early silent (leu up to 400), B symp, later hypervis, anemic sy, organomegaly, ...
HCL
(hairy cell leukaemia): rare 2% , men 50y, mature B, not leach to blood, 10y alive
Lymphoid
Neoplasms
Lymphomas with marrow involvement
(e.g., follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma)
Plasmacytic myeloma "dyscrasias"
w/ monoclonal Ig production
Multiple myeloma
: t(11;14), men, CRAB (hyperCa, renal impairment, anemia, bone lesions)
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) / Asym (smoldering) / Symp
Embryonal
Germinal
Seminoma
w/ diff & Func
Dys-Germioma = (extra-tes) Ovary or Extragonadaly
Germioma = in the Pineal gl (CNS)
Seminomas = testis
Non-Seminoma
no diff - more aggr
Tumor of Yolk Sac (Extra-Embryonal)
ChorioCarcinoma (Trophoblastic)
Embryonal Carcinoma (primitive embryonal)
Teratoma (Somatic)
Pre-Pubertal / Mature : B
Post-Pubertal / NON-Mature : M
organ specific
Glandular
Adenoma
Solid alveolar : adrenal cortex
Trabecular : liver
Follicular : thyroid, pituitary gland
Villous and tubulovillous : colon
Cystic , cystadenomas : ovary
Tubular > fusion . cribriform > solidifiaction > dissociation > annular (with perserved mucous formation)
Adenocarcinoma
Special
epi and mesen
Adenosarcoma = adenoma + sarcoma (uterus)
Fibroadenoma = adenoma + fibroid (breast)
carcinosarcoma = adenosarcoma + sarcoma (uterus)
Neuro Endocrine "NEN = carcinoid, nesidiom, insulinom, gastrinom, VIPom"
: loc at GIT, pulm, bladder, Merkel cell.
-- -- -- -- --- -- -- -- -- MEN-1 sy (multiple endocrine neoplasia, Wermer's sy, 3P -hyperparathyro, pan NEN, pitu adenoma)
childhood tu
soft tissue
Juvenile hemangioma
: ⛔ May spontaneously regress, common in infancy
Fibromatosis with inclusion bodies
: Fingers of infants, B, relapsing
RMS
<15y
dep oon type
Alv
: Older children / limb, perineal reagion / more aggressive / gene translo (PAX3-FOXO1)
Spindle cell/sclerosing
: Less common
Embryonal
: Infants / head & neck (oropharynx, sinuses), retroperitonium / suntypre= Sarcoma botryoides
Infantile fibromatosis
: B of head/neck
Infantile fibrosarcoma
: newborne, infants/ large , rapid growth / histo= spindle cell "sschool of fish" pattern / good resp to chemorherapy
by age
Infants &
Preschool
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL) = Most common m in children
Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma)
Retinoblastoma
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
CNS tumors
Neuroblastoma (= sympathetic chain, adrenal)
Older
children
Lymphomas
Burkitt’s lymphoma ( = jaw/abdomen mass, t(8;14))
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK+) (CD30+, good prog)
Hodgkin's lymphoma (Reed-Sternberg cells)
Newborns
: Sacrococcygeal teratoma / Most common neonatal tumor, oft B, arises from germ cells
Adolescents
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
Ewing’s sarcoma = bone/soft tissue, t(11;22)
by
Freq
& type
1.
WBC
Leukemias
(especially B-ALL) are the most common Malig in childhood.
Lymphomas
Non-Hodgkin (Burkitt's, ALK+ large cell)
“Starry sky” pattern histologically; ass w/ EBV.
Hodgkin lymphoma (seen in teens)
2.
CNS
Pilocytic astrocytoma
: B, cystic with mural nodule, Rosenthal fibers, post fossa
Medulloblastoma
: Highly M embryonal tumor; midline cerebellum, Homer-Wright rosettes
Ependymoma
: 4th ventricle, perivascular pseudorosettes
✅ CNS tu in children are oft infratentorial (cerebellum, brainstem).
3.
GERM
Teratoma
: Mature (B) or immature (M), multiple germ layers
Mixed germ cell :
embryonal ca, yolk sac tu, chorioca, etc.
✅ Sacrococcygeal teratoma is the most common tu in neonates.
4. 🦴
BONE
Bone cysts
: B, fluid-filled, common in long bones
Osteochondroma
: Cartilage-capped bony outgrowth
Osteoid osteoma:
Painful, small tumor relieved by NSAIDs
Osteoblastoma
: Larger, not responsive to NSAIDs
Ewing's Sar
: M, diaphysis of long bones, small blue cell tu, t(11;22), onion-skin periosteal reaction
Kindey
Nephroblastoma (Wilms)
: 2-5y, embryonic renal tissue / histo = Blastemal (small blue cells) , Epithelial , Stromal /
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Triphasic pattern, WAGR, nephrogenic rests / Good with therapy
Clear cell sarcoma
: mts to bone
Mesoblastic nephroma
: congenital, B
Rhabdoid tu
: aggr, poor prog
Liver
Hepatoblastoma
: <5 y / AFP↑, large mass, premature RF / Resectable = good prognosis
Infantile hemangioma
(juvenile) : Infants. girls, usually B / may regress or proliferate > HF
Others (older age): HCC, undiffe sarcoma, mesenchymal hamartoma
🧠
Neuroblastoma
: <5 y / sympa ggl & Adrenal medu, small blue cells, catecholamines / Paraneoplas sy: Opsoclonus-myoclonus
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Prognosis varies; good if young with Stage 4S
:eye:
:
Retinoblastoma
: <5 y / Rb mut, leukocoria, rosettes / Good if detected early
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- sporadic (u/l, ~3Y) - Herditary (b/l, <1y )
resemble tumor
Cyst
Hyperplastic : hormonal > prost, ovary, mammary dl
Fetal
med. cervical (thyroglossal cleft)
renal poly-systosis
Lat. cervical (pharyngeal cleft)
Implantation: insertion of epi in Ct, epidermoid, serous cyst in peritoneal adhension
Parasitic: tapeworm (cysticercosis), echinococcus, coiled muscleworm
Retention
Rnula
: sublung salivary gl, serous
comedo
: hair folicule, sebacous
Mucocele
: salivary gl, serous
Ovulum Naboti
: cervix, mucus
Atheroma
: epidermoid sebaceous cyst of skin
*Tumours - glandular epithelial tumours (adenomas), CNS tumours
Pseudo-tumor
---------------- lung, embryo develop (genetic sy), Cowden sy, PJS, TB
Hamartom
: B, abnorm mixture of normal tissue in norm loc
---------------- hemangioma, lymphangioma, rhabdomyoma,
Heterotopia (
choristomy
) : in abnorm loc, panc in stomach
Hyper-plastic : Nodular Prostatic Hyperplasia / Pseudo-epitheliomatous hyperplasia
foreign material: amyloid, gouty tophi, ganglion(mucopolysac),
xantelesma
(fat)
Inflam : organ stroma fibrotization,
Schloffer
Tumor (after surgery)
Pseudo-cyst
no epi lining, bordered ligamentous
-- -- -- -- -- -- post hemorrhagic, post necro, post malig, absc.
Infectious