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Chap 3 Parents' Influence on Children Social Lives - Coggle Diagram
Chap 3 Parents' Influence
on Children Social Lives
Parent Child Interactions
Tripartite Model
PCR interacts with
Parent as
direct instructor
Parent as
provider of opportunities
Underlying Mechanisms
Affect Management
Social Information Processing Model
:one: Encoding Cues
:two: Intepretation of Cues
:three: Clarification of goals
:four: Response Access
:five: Response Decision
1 more item...
How parents help
labelling emotions
expressing and reacting to child emotions
Cognitive Representations
internal working models that child learns
cognitive scripts
eg. when facing conflict withdraw from situation
Attention
regulation
8-10 m.o
sustained attention
9 - 18 m.o
sustained attention becomes
more voluntary & intentional
30 m.o
attention shifts
Approaches
Dimensional Approach
Responsiveness
Emotional component
warmth, friendly, affective
Functional
support, unconditional acceptance
Control
Behavioural Control
linked w :arrow_down: externalising problems
Examples
Clarification of Boundaries
Monitoring
Discipline / Rules
Psychological Control
linked w :arrow_up:
internalising
problems
Examples
Conditional love
Guilt induction
Conditional attention
beyond the
typological approach
Parenting styles
affective, emotional climate that parents provide
Parenting practices
Typological
Authoritative
:arrow_up: responsiveness + :arrow_up: control
best outcomes
Authoritarian
:arrow_down: responsiveness + :arrow_up: control
Uninvolved
:arrow_down: responsiveness + :arrow_down: control
Permissive
:arrow_up: responsiveness + :arrow_down: control
Parenting with SDT
SDT
Competence
Relatedness
Autonomy
Autonomy Supportive
Guidelines
unconditional acceptance of child
focus on child perspective
Application
following childs rhythm
eg. change in activity -> tell child in advance
focus on intrinsic value instead of external reward
eg. not abt getting sticker but abt learning
input and dialogue
discussing & explaining rules
open to discussing negative emotions & inviting language
Outcomes
internalisation of rules
Emotion regulation
intrinsic motiation
Competence Supportive / Structure
guidelines
process-oriented
providing scaffolded instructions to child
helping child at optimal level
not helping too much so they can be adequately challenged
Proximal Zone of Development
Application
Before
related to clarification of goals
setting guidelines
provide sufficiently challenging activities
set in place rules
During
monitorin
providing help but ensuring adhernce to rules
After
feedback focuses on process instead of outcome
tangram study
process-based feedback associated w longer persistence
Relatedness Supportive / Involved
Guidelines
genuine love & care
warm & sensitive interactions
Applications
presence & involvement
doing joint activities
Beyond Parent-Child Dyad
Co-parenting
4 Aspects
Co-parenting agreement
bound to have disagreements but will be ok if can compromise
Division of Labour
Support / undermining
Joint family management
regulate
avoid coalition or triangulation
Balanced interactions
Marital Relations
Parent system
relationship quality & satisfaction w each other
Direct Effect model
marital conflict directly impacts child adjustment
Constructive
role model for problem solving
Destructive
emotional security theory
child becomes emotionally vulnerable
Indirect Effect Model
Compensatory Hypothesis
extra pleasant to child due to guilt for negative atmosphere in household
Spillover Hypothesis
negative emotions from marital conflict vented on child
more empirical support
marital discord :arrow_right: PCR :arrow_right: child adjustment
Indirect
Siblings
Characteristics
Emotional quality
positive & negative
support & conflict
Familiarity & intimacy
Socialisation
Direct socialisation
dev context for practising social skills
social learning theories
Indirect socialisation
differential treatment
sibling birth
80% of Europeans have siblings
Outcomes
good sibling relations
support in stressful moments
:arrow_down: adjustment issues & :arrow_up: mental health
bad sibling relations
negative adjustment outcomes
Culture
Family Change Theory
different socioeconomic cultural contexts lead to 3 distinct family models
Family Models
Independence
self-reliance & autonomy
Interdependence
needs of family more impt than needs of self
Psychological interdependence
autonomy & relatedness
maintain close relations with family
Ethnotheories
cultural models of parenting
influence parenting values & behaviours
Examples for 5 y.o
Anglo-Australian
children expected to help out with household chores
Lebanese-Australian
children expected to look after siblings
Sexuality
& Gender
LGBT parents
Parents
report more stress during parenting
parents have similar desire & intentions to have children
Children
children have similar cognitive & psychological wellbeing outcomes
stigma & prejudice may lead to poor adjustment outcomes
more open minded
Transgender
Parents
similar desire to have children
face more discrimination & less legal protection (than LGBT parents)
Children
similar development outcomes as children in cisgender families
