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Psychodynamic Approaches - Coggle Diagram
Psychodynamic Approaches
Key figures : Sigmund Freud
2. Structural perspective
Id
Too strong
: self-gratification, pleasure seeking without considering consequences, impulsive, completely uninterested in other people, self-centered
Too weak
: totally submissive, overtly compliance
id: instinctual seeking of pleasure and avoiding of pain in order to satisfy biological and psychological needs
Inherited, instinctive, primitive aspects of personality
Mostly unconscious, unorganized
Operates on the pleasure principle
Doesn’t take reality into account
Originate from the somatic organization
Superego
Too high
: constant failure, depressed, self hatred, inappropriate guilt, anger turning inward (depression)
Too low
: impulsive, lacking consideration of others, tendency of law breaking, no remorse
Acts according to the moral principle
Incorporates the values and morals of society through learning
Develop around age 3-5
Mainly consists of two systems:
conscience and ideal self
Conscience can punish the ego through anxiety, guilt
Superego can also reward the ego through proud and satisfaction
Ideal self is the imaginary picture of how you ought to be
Ego
Acts according to the
reality principle
The most
“rational” and “organized”
part of our mind
Responsible for
judgment, tolerance, reality testing, self control, planning, defense, synthesis of information, intellectual functioning, and memory
“The ego, driven by the id, confined by the super-ego, repulsed by reality, struggles ... bringing about harmony among the forces and influences working in and upon it” – S. Freud
“Breaks out in anxiety”
realistic anxiety regarding the external world
moral anxiety regarding the super-ego
neurotic anxiety regarding the strength of the passions in the id
3. Defense mechanisms
Ego defense mechanism against anxiety
Unconscious psychological strategies that operate by the unconscious mind to manipulate, deny, or distort the reality in order to defend against feelings of anxiety and unacceptable internal needs so as to maintain one’s self-schema (ideal self)
It may be psychologically
healthy or unhealthy
When anxiety become overwhelming, the “ego” takes the responsibility to protect the person by employing defense mechanisms
Projection (Shifting of blame）
: Misattribution of undesirable traits onto another person who does not have those.
Reaction formation:
To repress a wish/feeling/attitude (unwanted according to superego) to be expressed in conscious level by acting the opposite.
Denial
: Disregard information/facts.
Intellectualization:
Strong reasoning is used to block confirmation with an unconscious conflict and its associated emotional stress.
Displacement:
Redirection of a feeling (usually anger/aggression) onto a powerless target.
6.
Externalization:
Disclaim responsibility for our behaviours by attributing it to circumstances beyond our control.
Regression:
Revision to an earlier stage (usually a safe zone) of development in face of unacceptable thoughts/impulses or overwhelming situations for sense of safety.
Repression / Selective Forgetting:
Unconscious blocking of unacceptable/unwanted thoughts, feelings and impulses.
Undoing Counteract:
An unconscious attempts trying to “undo” an otherwise destructive thoughts or actions by engaging in the opposite behaviours.
Compensation:
Counterbalancing perceived weaknesses by emphasizing strength in other areas. Could be healthy in building up self-esteem and self-image.
Over-compensation:
Defending ones self-perceived inferiority by constantly focusing on strengths in other the opposite end.
Sublimation:
Redirecting and transforming socially unacceptable impulses unconsciously in a socially acceptable way.
1. Topographical perspective
Conscious:
The part of the mind that holds what you are now aware of
Preconscious:
Memory that could be brought to our awareness with cues
The part of the mind that one is not fully aware of but that influences one’s action / feelings
Unconscious:
The part of the mind that is not directly accessible to awareness, however exert an effect to one’s action / feelings / pattern of behaviors / personality
4. Psychosexual development
Oral stage (0 to
text
1.5 years)
Personality development is centered in a baby's mouth. It is successfully developed when satisfaction is fulfilled.
Oral stimulation could lead to oral fixation in adult. Oral personalities engage in those behaviours (e.g. smoker, nail biters, etc) when under stress.
Psychological development takes place in a series of fixed stage. Pre-determined stages.
It is called “psychosexual” stages because each stage represents a fixation of libido (sexual drive or instincts) on the different areas of the body.
Psychoanalysis theory believes that our personality / psychological wellness is built around tension and pleasure. All tension was due to the build up of libido (fixation of sexual energy) and that all pleasure comes from releasing it successfully.
The first 5 years are important to the formulation of adult personality.