Factors Affecting Obedience- personality- authoritarian personality Adorno's F-scale measures parts of obedience and extreme submissiveness to authority figures found people with high F-scale scores were also more obedient Elms & Milgram. Adorno believed harsh parenting leads to traits like toughness, destructiveness, and cynicism and thus were submissive to authority those with more permissive parenting style centered around unconditional love there may have been more resistance to destructive orders, internal and external locus of control- if believed in ELC then would be more likely to put their decisions based on fate/outside force while people with an ILC would be more likely to feel responsibility for their actions however in a study done Schur there was little difference between them, situation- diffusion of responsibility if many people there- 40% fall when Yale did not take responsibility in legal terms, status of authority- 20% in ordinary man study, proximity/immediacy- telephonic condition 22.5%, gender differences- hardly any difference Burger, Sheridan and King 100% of women however many cried showing moral strain, and Gilligan 'ethic of care' interpersonal relationships, nurturing being supportive vs 'ethic of justice' so moral reasoning in males may make them more obedient for the greater good Kilham & Mann 40% obedience rate in men and 16% in women culture- individualist vs collectivist cultures more likely to obey Blass (2012) 66% Vs 61% Non-US replication vs US replication so culture may not play a role overall so may be a universal social behaviour. cultural factors affecting obedience Dolinski et al (2017)- Poland 90% obedience with high PDI score 68%. culture's affect on obedience