Jiang, a key figure in the Nanjing GMD regime, had military support, economic backing, and support from Shanghai bankers and warlords. Despite declaring a 'tutelage' period for democracy, the Nanjing government did not move towards it. A five-power government was established, but efficiency was limited by bureaucracy and frequent changes of officials. Jiang preferred to operate through personal relationships and the army, with the elite drawn from the urban middle and upper classes. The government became increasingly repressive, with heavy censorship and a heavy focus on a conservative ideology. Jiang supported Confucian principles and Fascism, leading to the 'New Life' movement in 1934. The Blueshirts, led by Whampoa cadets, aimed to set an example of selfless dedication to national service.