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Ethics, * - Coggle Diagram
Ethics
Frameworks
Utilitarianism
An ethical theory that promotes actions maximizing overall happiness or pleasure and minimizing pain or suffering for the greatest number of people.
Natural Rights
Rights that people supposedly have under natural law. (Life, liberty, property)
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Relativism
the doctrine that knowledge, truth, and morality exist in relation to culture, society, or historical context, and are not absolute.
Virtue Ethics
Focuses on developing good character traits (virtues) to achieve a flourishing life. Virtue is a mean between excess and deficiency, discovered through practical wisdom.
Principles of Rights
John Locke's idea that individuals possess natural rights to life, liberty, and property, which governments must respect and protect.
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Existentialism
Existentialism is a philosophy of human nature that identifies people as having free will to determine the course of their lives.
Deontology
Deontological ethics holds that at least some acts are morally obligatory regardless of their consequences for human welfare.
Universalizability
the thesis that any moral judgment must be equally applicable to every relevantly identical situation.
Determinism
the thesis that all events in the universe, including human decisions and actions, are causally inevitable.
Philosophers
Aquinas
Natural Law Ethics
St. Thomas Aquinas' theory that moral principles are based on human nature and can be discovered through reason. It includes fundamental precepts like preserving life and promoting the common good.
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Aristotle
Eudaimonia
A term from Aristotle, meaning "flourishing" or "happiness," achieved through living virtuously and fulfilling one's potential.
Virtue Ethics
Focuses on developing good character traits (virtues) to achieve a flourishing life. Virtue is a mean between excess and deficiency, discovered through practical wisdom.
Golden Mean
Aristotle's concept of virtue as a balance between extremes. For example, courage is a mean between recklessness and cowardice.
Phronesis
Practical wisdom or prudence in Aristotle's ethics, enabling individuals to make virtuous decisions through reasoned judgment.
Character Types
Virtuous, incontinent, continent/enduring, vicious
Rawls Veil of Ignorance
A concept by John Rawls to design fair principles of justice by imagining decisions made without knowing one's social status or identity, ensuring impartiality.
JS Mill
Utilitarianism
An ethical theory that promotes actions maximizing overall happiness or pleasure and minimizing pain or suffering for the greatest number of people.
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Tom Regen
Animal Rights Theory (Regan argues that animals have rights in just the same way that human beings do)
Kant
Categorical Imperative
Immanuel Kant's principle that one should act only according to maxims that can be universally applied. It emphasizes duty and moral law over personal desires.
Deontology
Deontological ethics holds that at least some acts are morally obligatory regardless of their consequences for human welfare.
Universability
the thesis that any moral judgment must be equally applicable to every relevantly identical situation.
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