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3.2 Cells (Blurting) - Coggle Diagram
3.2 Cells (Blurting)
Eukaryotic Cells
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The DNA is wrapped in tight coils known as histones which turn into chromosomes it is also linear so it doesn't form a loop
Eukaryotic cells are found in Animals, Fungi and Plants
Organelles
Cytoplasm = gelatinous liquid that holds the internal components of a cell to prevent them from damage
Golgi Apparatus = fluid - filled sacs that are folded which are known as Cisternae. The Golgi apparatus packages and redistributes proteins produced in the endoplasmic reticulum, it also secretes carbs and forms vesicles
Mitochondria = Rod shaped organelle which contains a double membrane, inner membrane folded to form a cristae which creates a larger surface area for aerobic respiration. The other component is a matrix which contains lipids and proteins
Nucleus = Large organelle, surrounded by a nuclear envolope that contains nuclear pores which can control the activities of the cell via transcription there is also a nucleolus that makes ribosomes and rRNA
Cell (surface) membrane = Consists of mainly lipids and proteins it regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell, it also contains receptor molecules that allow it to respond to chemicals
Lysosome = Contains digestive enzymes so that dead cells can be broken down and their useful chemicals can be reused
Endoplasmic reticulum (SER/RER) = Folds and processes proteins synthesised by the ribosome and lipids and carbohydrates are synthesised and stored
Ribosomes = Made up of rRNA and proteins however its not surrounded by a membrane, it is the site of protein synthesis
Golgi vesicles = Stores lipids and processes proteins and then transports them out of the cell via the cell surface membrane
Eukaryotic cells contain ribosomes that are of the 80s variation (this highlights how fast they travel in a centrifuge)
Plant cells contain all the same organelles of a animal cell however they also contain chloroplasts vacuole and a cell wall (made of a polysaccharide cellulose)
Chloroplasts = Site of photosynthesis, consists of a chloroplast envelope and a double plasma membrane
Grana = Stacks of thylakoid membranes which contain chlorophyll and are the site of light absorption for photosynthesis
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Prokaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells are smaller and are are comprised of viruses, bacteria and algae
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