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British Trade - Coggle Diagram

- - - - EIC to expand trade with China and maintain monopoly in China due to demand for Chinese goods e.g tea, silk and porcelain
      - China's strict trading rules allowing only European merchants to stay in Canton and were heavily taxed
        
        To reach Canton was to pass through Straits of Malacca (Dutch colony) but often British ships were refused by the Dutch or taxed highly
        
        the Straits were also dangerous as it was a commonplace for piracy
    - - Raffles arranged a treaty with local rulers to establish a trading port in SG
      - Dutch were angered as the British were near their territory
    - - Significant
        
        Strategic location - one of the most valuable ports in the world
        
        Entrepot = many people can trade without facing taxes which attracts more merchants to trade at SG specifically Malay Archipelago merchants
        
        Membuli Dutch sal commercial growth SG lagi laju dari Dutch punya since SG nada tax
        
        Distance untuk India-China route inda lagi brapa jauh sal barang dari China dapat drop off arah SG saja
        
        Anglo-Dutch Treaty 1824 ertinya British ships sama trade kana protect dari pirates dari North Borneo
      - Not significant
        
        SG bukannya legal trading sama China so terpaksa British buka Shanghai sama menjajah Hong Kong
  - - - British masih payah kan trade sama China time century ke 19 sama British masih lagi paksa betahan di Canton
    - - British pakai Hong Kong untuk smuggle opium ke dalam China sal China inda minat India punya cotton sama wool
      - 1839 - China halau British dari smuggling opium so China buat blockade di Canton
      - Gunboat diplomacy diarah uleh Lord Palmerston untuk lawan China pakai steam-powered Nemesis
    - - Significant
        
        British punya first time pakai gunboat diplomacy meliatkan durang punya naval dominance
        
        British dapat access Shanghai sama Yangtze River supaya dapat trade sama China
        
        menjadi major bases untuk askar British
      - Not significant
        
        SG banarnya lagi mantap dari HK kalau untuk base askar
        
        SG yg lead to British dapat menjajah HK
  - - - Untuk trade sama China lagi
    - - Treaty of Nanking ertinya British buleh masuk Canton lagi thru Shanghai sama Chinese mesti bayar 12 juta ringgit untuk reparations
      - British sendiri membuka self-governing settlement
      - Peniaga dari UK, US sama Perancis mencipta Shanghai Municipal Council tapi China inda buleh join
      - Shanghai jadi kota yang diketuai uleh orang luar bukan orang Cina
    - - Significant
        
        British baru tah dpt trade sama China sal pintu Yangtze River dibuka utk durang
        
        River atu pun ada banyak industrial goods mcm porcelain, tea, silk
        
        Opium trade menjadi mantap so British masih dapat trade sama China
        
        Shanghai Municipal Council yang menyebabkan orang Cina inda buleh masuk ertinya British dapat assert dominance arah China
      - Not significant
        
        Shanghai banarnya mantap pasal opium saja bukan sal harta lain
        
        Walaupun British control China thru Shanghai Municipal Council banarnya ada lagi countries yang control Shanghai jua ertinya British dominance noob sikit
  - - - Asian trade routes kana tabak uleh steamships lain
      - Kerajaan British selama ani tepaksa rely on French infrastructure untuk masuk India atau Asia lapas trade sailing di Africa turun
    - - PM Disraeli ambil Egypt Khedive punya 4,000,000 pounds of shares tanpa bond kerajaan so British tarus dapat 33% of shares
    - - Significant
        
        British dapat control Suez walaupun durang nada full ownership of Suez
        
        British dapat jua control Egypt sama Middle East sampai Egypt jadi protectorate in 1882
      - Not significant
        
        British banarnya nada full control of Suez sama Suez atu dimanage uleh Suez Canal Company yang mainly kraja untuk French ertinya French yang ada upper hand sini
        
        Disraeli kana maki pasal decisionnya untuk ambil Suez atu impulsive berabis and duit yang ya dapat di Khedive atu dapat dispend untuk local reforms saja
        
        Nada pulang immediate impact smua sama saja lapas British acquire
  - - - Ada banyak valuable goods mcm ivory sama spices
      - British mau hapuskan slave trade di East Africa dengan cara menjajah Zanzibar sama menghasut sultannya
    - - Lapas Sultan Said mangkat, French sama British ambil colonynya sal durang dua mau control East Africa
        
        British ada upper hand dari French sal Zanzibar punya worth dari slave trade and British ambil durang sal mau hapuskan slave trade
    - - Significant
        
        ya linked to Indian Ocean jadinya ia key entrepot between India sama Africa untuk trade
        
        key location sal ya terletak around horn of Africa so menghapuskan slavery lagi sanang
        
        British dapat protect commerce durang dari India ke Europe
      - Not significant
        
        ada perang yang tersekajap tepulang
        
        banyak tensions sal British inda mau Khalid bin Bargash jadi ketua sal ya inda pro British
        
        andang sudah entrepot dulu so nada brapa banyak economic benefit ganya utk mengambang di East Africa
        
        Suez lagi banyak orang aga
        
        Zanzibar telampau damit sama resourcesnya pun kurang
  - - - British lawan sama Russia pasal Russia mau basarkan empire durang di Timur
    - - 1881 - China threaten untuk kelaie sama Russia tapi Russia kacut so durang tinggalkan Chinese Turkistan
      - 1894 - Jepun ambil Port Arthur lapas China kalah di peperangan durang di Korea
      - Dec 1895 - Jepun dip dari Port Arthur time Russia team up sama France & Germany untuk ambil Port Arthur
      - 1898 - Russia ambil Port Arthur sal kata China durang inda dapat pertahankan port atu
      - British tarus ambil port lain dari China iaitu Weihaiwei untuk retaliate dgn Russia
        
        Weihaiwei atu dakat Port Arthur so British dapat spy on Russia sama kacau Russia
    - - Significant
        
        dapat protect Brit commerce
        
        lapas ambil Weihaiwei, durang ambil jua another port supaya dapat kacau Russia
        
        dapat lagi control China
      - Not significant
        
        paksa belawan sama negara lain sama area atu andang banyak negara lain control ertinya British overshadowed
        
        nada brapa commercial value tapi utk mengambang saja
        
        Royal Navy di HK lagi bagus untuk shipping goods
- - - - Government
        
        Navigation Acts 1651 telampau waffly sal exports mesti English ships pigang atau goods mesti dulu diantar ke English ports
        
        Sugar Act/American Revenue Act 1764 untuk reduce tax sama menghalang smuggling sugar dari colonies selain British colonies
        
        Stamp Act ertinya smua keratas untuk America apa saja keratasnya mesti kana stamp dulu dari kerajaan British
        
        Irish marah British pilih kasih tapi kalinya durang inda dapat trade atau export harta durang langsung ke sesiapa so British paksa lapaskan trading restrictions arah durang
      - Masyarakat
      - Individuals
        
        Robert Peel sama Whigs and Liberals mau mercantilism sama protectionism hapus
  - - - Anti-Corn Law League
        
        Undang2 supaya harga grain British lagi tinggi dari harga grain luar negeri - kalau masih ada Navigation Acts, payah orang membali grain untuk makan
      - Untuk mengurangkan harga grain
        
        Ireland punya potato crap gagal dari 1845 so nada banyak makanan - kalau masih ada Navigation Acts payah kan mendapat makanan
    - - Sugar duties untuk British West Indies colonies punya plantation owners sal lapas slavery dimusnahkan, perniagaan durang uncompetitive berabis so nada banyak untung tapi Cuba sama Brazil punya perniagaan masih competitive
      - Importation Acr 1846 yang menyebabkan sugar duties sama Corn Law musnah membuat West Indian plantation owners terasa lastu durang anggap British jadi traitors sama pengkhianat
- - - - workers and slaves had no rights
        
        12 to 16 hours of working day
        
        lack of machine protection = deaths and casualties
        
        kamah berabis e.g. cholera & TB
    - - efficient communication for trading of slaves using telegraphs
        
        able to contact people from different countries
        
        easier for slave ships to find their ways in different countries
    - - slavery enabled and normalised due to the enhanced relationships with other countries as they trade slaves back and forth for their economy
        
        slavery promoted growth in economy due to labour efficiency
- - - - Perang Plessey (1757)
      - Perang untuk Calcutta
      - France mau trade sama India tapi British kata inda buleh