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Chemical basis of life II: Organic molecules (chapter 3) - Coggle Diagram
Chemical basis of life II: Organic molecules (chapter 3)
Formation of organic molecules: polymerization
hydrolysis: polymers break down, using water
macromolecule formation: results in polymers of varying lengths and complexity
dehydration synthesis (condensation): monomers join, releasing water
major macromolecules
lipids: energy storage and membranes
composition: primarily carbon and hydrogen, non polar
hydrophobic nature: insoluble in wanter
types: triglycerides (fats), phospholipids (used in membranes chapter 5), steroids, and waxes
proeins: structure and function
composition: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur
monomers: amino acids (20 different types)
polymers: polypeptides, forming various levels of structure (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary)
carbohydrates: energy storage and structure
Polysaccharides: long chains of monosaccharides (starch, cellulose)
Disaccharides: two monosaccharides joined (sucrose)
monosaccharides: simple sugars (glucose, fructose)
composition: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (Cn(H2O)n)
nucleic acids: genetic information (chapter 11)
monomers: nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, base)
polymers: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), RNA ( ribonucleic acid)
composition: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus
the carbon atom: properties and importance
basis of organic molecules: forms the backbone of all organic molecules
bonding versatility: forms both polar and non polar bonds
isomerism: can form structural and stereoisomers
tetravalent nature: forms up to four covalent bonds