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Chapter 3 concept map - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 3 concept map
organic molecules contain carbon, why?
needs 4 more electrons to fill its shell
it can make bonds (usually single or double)
carbon has 4 electrons in its outer shell
can form
polar bonds
water soluble
Hydrophilic
non polar bonds
not very water soluble
Hydrophobic
major types of organic molecules
Carbogydrates
composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (Cn(H2O)n)
Monosaccharides
simplest sugars
most common are 5 or 6 carbons
can depict stucture by a ring or linear
disaccharides
composed of 2 monosaccharides
forms a glycosidic bond by dehydration
broken down by hydrolysis
polysaccarides
composed of many monomers
can be used as
energy storage
determining the stucture
lipids
composed of hydrogen and carbons
fats
glycerol + 3 fatty acids
forms an ester bond by dehydration
uses
important for energy storage
can be structural by providing cushioning and insulation
fatty acids
saturated
high melting point
single bonds between carbons
solid at room temperature
unsaturated
double bonds
liquid at room temperature
lower melting point
phospholipids
glycerol + 2 fatty acids + phosphate group
amphipathic
phosphate head (polar and hydrophilic)
fatty acid tail (non polar and hydrophobic)
steroids
non polar (insoluble)
4 carbon rings
small difference can lead to different specific biological
waxes
non polar (hydrophobic)
proteins
composed of carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen and notably sulfur
variable side chain determines the structure and function
forms a peptide bond by dehydration
polymers of amino acids are called polypeptide
proteins can be formed from one several polypeptides
factors that influence protein folding and stability
hydrogen bonds
ionic bond
hydrphobic effect
disulfide bridge
van der Waals forces
factors to bind between 2 proteins
hydrogen bonds
ionic bond
hydrophobic effect
van der Waals forces
same domain=same function
nucleic acids
responsible for storage, expression and transmission of genetic information
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Made up of
phosphate group
5 carbon sugar
ribose for RNA
Deoxyribose for DNA
Base
single or double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms
nucleotides are linked into a polymer by a sugar phosphate backbone
in DNA
A=T and G bind to c by a treble bond ( chapter 11)
in RNA
A binds to U Instead
phosphodiester boind forms between nucleotides in the same strand
functional groups
same properties
special chemical features
formation of organic molecules
condensation or dehydration reaction
water is removed
catalyzed by enzymes
hydrolysis
water is added
catalyzed by enzymes
isomers
2 molecules with same somlecular formula but different structure
structural isomers
same atoms but different bonding relationships
stereoisomers
same bonding relationship but different spacial positioning
Cis- trans isomers
positioning around double bond
enantiomers
mirror image molecules