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Heredity, Community ecology, Population genetics, same trait, heredity…
Heredity
3 principles
Dominance
Unique genotype
No guarante allele
Homozygosity
Both alleles are same
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One gene has a effect
Segregation
Alleles are seperate during meiosis
3 pairs of chromosomes
Offspring inherit 2A for gene
Independent assortment
Gene pairs not related
No link
Dihybrid cross
3:1 pheno ratio
True breeding
Incomplete dominance
RedXwhite=pink
Multiple alleles
More than 2 alleles for locus
Breeding experiment
Complex
Mutations
Deletion
Chromosomes lost
Duplication
Doubled chromosomes
Inversion
Piece rotates 180
Translocation
Exchange between 2 homologous
Transposons
Jumping genes
Homologous
Chromosomes 1
Chromosomes 2
Homolog from diff parent
46 chromosomes
Pleiotropy
Single gene with multiple effects on phenotype
Ex: awn of wheat
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Selfer
Small petals
Flower late
Outcrosser
Large petal
Flower late
Sexual reproduction
New combination of alleles
Promotes heterozygosity
Genetic diversity
Mono hybrid cross
Punnets square
Visual off spring
2 homo parents with diff alleles
No crossing over
Fail to mix alleles
Chromosomes inherit same as parents
2 gamete types instead of 4
Pollination
Cross pollination
Self pollination
Polygenic inheritance
Multi genes for 1 character
Continuous variation
Linkage
4 haploid genotypes
Not produced in equal numbers
Polyploidy
Autopolyploid
Self fertilization
Failed meiosis
Allopolyploid
Meiotic error
Mismatch during mating
Metaphase 1
Orientation random
Metaphase 2
Orientation of sister chromatids random
Crossing over
Prophase 1
Mixes the genes
New combinations
Medelian genetics
Epistasis
Community ecology
Growth models
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R=intrinsic growth rate
growth expontentially
N=population size
K=carrying capacity
Fluctuate around
Life stages
C-competitors
S-stress tolerates
R-ruderals
Reaching carrying capacity
Overshoot K
Result in die off
Plant strategies
Stress
Resource availability
Growth inhibitors
Disturbance
Biotic
Pathogens & herbivory
Facilitation
Commensalism
Amensalisim
Competition
Predation
Abiotic
Fire & wind
Exponential growth
J shaped curve
Logistic growth
S shaped curve
Age distribution
X=age
Survivorship curves
POA annua
Population size=(N)
Population demographic
Age structure
Predator =P
Prey=N
Lotka-volterra models
Population genetics
Patterns of natural selection
Directional
Stabilizing
Disruptive
No selection
Gene pool
Interbreed
Allele frequency
Genotype frequency
Hardy-Weinberg equation
P=dominant allele
q=recessive allele
Polynomial expansion
Micro evolution
Change in gene pool
Factors
Mutation
Change in nucleic acid
Natural selection
Genetic drift
Random loss of alleles
Migration
Nonrandom mating
Female choice
Artificial selection
Increased desired trait
Polymorphism
Dimorphic
2 phenotypes
Polymorph=many
Punnett square
expected genotypes
same trait
heredity trait
specific growth categories
