Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
4.1: Introduction to Water System - Coggle Diagram
4.1: Introduction to Water System
U1: solar radiation drives the hydrological cycle
water cycle
process which water circulates from the ocean, to the atmosphere, to the land and then back to the ocean
water on ocean evaporates
then travel as clouds/water vapor over land
then fall as rain
to the ocean through river, surface runoff or as a iceberg
ocean salinity effected by water cycle
high precipitation, low salinity
high evaporation, high salinity (hot temperature)
outline how energy drives the hydrological cycle
Primary source of energy driving hydrological cycle is solar energy (1 mark)
Solar energy causes changes of state in water (1 mark)
Condensation of water releases (latent) heat energy causing air to rise/hurricanes 1 mark
Solar energy causes the temperature differences that create winds/cause movement of water vapour in the atmosphere/advection 1 mark
Kinetic/wind energy moves clouds (from ocean over land, usually) 1 mark
Solar energy melts ice producing streams/lakes/rising ocean levels 1 mark
Solar energy causes both transfers (e.g. advection) and transformations (e.g. evaporation) in hydrological cycle 1 mark
Precipitation/run-off/streamflow occurs due to gravitational energy/difference in potential energy between the high and low positions 1 mark
Transpiration is driven by opening of leaf stomata which is due to chemical energy (cellular respiration in mitochondria) 1 mark
U2: Fresh water makes up only a small fraction (approximately 2.6% by volume) of the earth's water storages
U3: Storage's in the hydrological cycle include organisms, soil and various water bodies, including oceans, groundwater (aquifers), lakes, rivers,
atmosphere, glaciers and ice caps
Flows in the hydrological cycle include evaporation, sublimation, evaporation, condensation, advection (wind-blown movement), precipitation, melting, freezing, flooding, surface runoff, infiltration, percolation, and stream-flow or currents