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B F Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory - Coggle Diagram
B F Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory
How learning takes place?
Stimulus
Event/situation that triggers response
Response
Behaviour triggered by the stimuli
Reinforcement
Schedules of reinforcement :
:Continuous reinforcement
Intermittent reinforcement
Fixed ratio schedule
Variable ratio schedule
Fixed interval schedule
Variable interval schedule
Types of reinforcement
Punishment
Positive punishment; add stimulus to decrease a behaviour
Negative punishment; remove stimulus to decrease behaviour
Negative reinforcement
Remove an unpleasant stimumlus to increase behaviour
Positive reinforcement
Add a pleasant stimulus to increase behaviour
What is the role of the learner?
Active participants
Respond to stimuli
Respond to reinforcement
Trial and error
Motivation through consequences
What is the role of the teacher?
Controller of reinforcement
Controller of the learning environment
Monitor and assesser
Provider of immediate feedback
Facilitator of practice and repetition
Implications of the theory
Behavioral management
Personalised Learning
Motivation and engagement
Critiques
:Lack of consideration for cognitive processes
Overemphasis on external control
Limited applicability to complex human behaviour
Ethical concerns
Motivation
:Conditions for learning
Cognitive Readiness :
Relevance
Supportive environment
Practice and Repetition