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ENERGY AND ITS TRANSFORMATION, Captura33, Captura33, Captura333, caapp,…
ENERGY AND ITS TRANSFORMATION
Energy sources
Are
natural resources
from which we obtain different
forms of energy
that can be transformed for a specific use and we can classify in several ways
By availability in nature and capacity for regeneration
By origin
By use in each country
By environmental impact
The energy we consume has
different uses
Household uses:
the operating of hot water systems, means of transport...
Industrial uses:
the operating of factories and companies...
Electricity
Is the most
widely
used form of energy in industrialised societies for two reasons:
It can be easily transformed
into other forms of energy
It can be transported long distances
Electric power plants
Are facilities where primary or secondary energy is transformed
into electricity
. Once electricity is generated, it must be transported to
industrial parks
How does it works?
The
turbine
converts mechanical energy into the rotating movement of a shaft
The alternator has a fixed part
(stator)
and a moving part
(rotor)
conected to the turbine shaft
Transport and distribution of electrical energy
Electricity
cannot be stored
; therefore, it must be transported to
consumption centres. This transport involves several processes:
Conventional electric power plants
Nuclear power plants
Uranium
is the main fuel used
Fossil fuel thermal power plants
Combined cycle power plant
Hydroelectric power plants
This type of power plant uses the potential energy provided by the height of the stored water in a dam, converting it into
kinetic energy
Non-conventional electric power plants
The main
disadvantage
is that they generate much less energy
Their
advantages
are that they contaminate much less than conventional power plants
Wind power plants and wind farms
Solar power plants
Photo-thermal power plant
Photovoltaic power plant
Geothermal power plants
Biomass thermal power plants
Ocean power plants
Environmental impact
Environmental impact assessment
: as part of a technical project, it's necessary to carry out an
environmental impact assessment
to find out what changes it would provoke in the environment
Environmental impacts
Extraction of natural resources
: the exploitation of fossil fuels and nuclear power means the
depletion of resources
Fuel transport
: oil is transported by means of
oil pipelines
and
oil tankers
, they can suffer accidents which result in uncontrolled
spills
Electricity generation
Conventional thermal power plants
They produce
air polution
They emit large amounts of CO2 which increases the
greenhouse
effect
They emit sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide that cause
acid
rain
Nuclear thermal power plants
are accompanied by the risk of
nuclear accidents
and the problem of
nuclear waste
Final energy use
The fuels we use in vehicles and heating systems emit gases and
particles similar to those generated by conventional thermal power plants
Waste treatment
To reduce the waste generated by
thermal power plants
Install special
filters
on the pipes at the power plant
Use coal with a
low sulphur content
Maintain and
increase the size of large forested area
Waste from
nuclear power plants
is stored in drums with thick
sides that do not let the nuclear radiation escape
Some solutions
Efficiency
Energy diversification
Energy savings
