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MARITIME SECURITY, WAY FORWARD - Coggle Diagram
MARITIME SECURITY
CHALLENGES
fragmented approach: various agencies like Indian Navy and Indian Coast Guard (ICG) - have overlapping resp. and lack of coordination - lead to inefficiencies.
geo: porous coastline - remoteness - illegal landing of arms by terrorists Groups. EQ: Creek areas of GJ and the Sunderbans are particularly vulnerable to such clandestine activities.
border disputes: dispute on Sir Creek in the Rann of Kutch in GJ continues btw India and Pak - dispute over fishing rights in Palk Strait
instability in the region: in IOR esp. with Houthi Rebels targeting Red Sea shipping lanes and choking of Bab-el-Mandeb strait - enhancing piracy, smuggling etc...
rising competition: Chinese expansion of its naval power and aggressive posture - overcome Malacca Dilemma.
tech: augments security and to track down suspicious vessels - manpower shortages coupled with lack of training
non-traditional threats: illegal and undocumented migration like Rohingyas, maritime terrorism, illegal and unreported and unregulated fishing
significance:
geo: pivotal geo position 7517 KM COATLINE - 9 costal states- nb of ports - 140mn Tonnes of cargo every year - India being Peninsular, its maritime linkages have historically involved trade, religion and culture.
strategic: IOR is of immense strategic imp - more than 80% of World's seaborne oil trade goes through IO choke points - Strait of Hormuz, So Malacca, Bab-el-Mandeb Strait.
national sec: vast coastline poses issues like piracy, illegal landing of arms and explosives, infiltration - presence of vital industries lie port and imp defense installations like RADARs and nuclear reactors - enhances risk.
political: growing comp. btw US and China - uphold rule of law - freedom of navigation checking Chinese incursions to promote greater stability.
blue economy: helps coastline community - around 38 Mn people in the World depend on fisheries from the Ocean.
pillar of regional coop.: maritime sec important dimension of India's bilateral relations - all Indian Ocean Littoral states and organizations like IORA, ADMM+, IONS, ReCAAP, ARF....
MEASURES TAKEN
3 tier security: arrangement with Indian Navy, Indian coast guard and maritime police
SAGAR vision: India seeks to deepen eco and security coop with its maritime Neighbours and assist in building their maritime sec capabilities - exchange of information - coastal surveillance
security infra.: coastal police stations, surveillance infrastructure under Coastal Security Scheme (CSS) - installation Automatic Identification Systems - Joint operation Centers (JOCs).
mission based dev.: Indian Navy units are regularly deployed on Mission Based developments in IOR - bilateral/multilateral maritime exercises, Joint EEZ surveillance, CORPATs - enhancing maritime Domain awareness.
coop through groupings: bilateral, trilateral and multilateral groupings such as QUAD, IORA, ARF or ASEAN Regional Forum.
humanitarian assistance: Humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR) missions. EQ: Mission Sagar 3 was part of India's HADR assistance to friendly foreign countries during Covid-19 pandemic.
component
marine env: relationship btw maritime security + maritime safety - safeguard marine ecosystem and prevent env harm
eco dev. through activities like fishing, shipping, offshore energy pdn - sustainable dev.
national security / sea power: protecting national interests, territorial waters, maritime borders - naval capabilities, surveillance, response to threats.
human security: like human trafficking, privacy and illegal migration at sea contributes to overall maritime security.
Definition: umbrella term to classify issues in the maritime domain that are often related to national security, marine env., economic development and human security.
WAY FORWARD
synergy btw security forces: ambiguities in existing rules - port trusts, private terminal operators and other stakeholders
strengthen intelligence: Human Intelligence (HUMINT) - and Tech-Int channels should be fully exploited.
developing maritime assets: tapping into Andaman and Nicobar Islands' Strategic Potential, enhance its underwater surveillance capabilities
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settling disputes: settle disputes with IUU fishing dispute with Sri Lanka - nascent issues with Bangladesh
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