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ORGANISED CRIMES, WAY FORWARD - Coggle Diagram
ORGANISED CRIMES
CHALLENGES
Absence of specific legislation: lack of federal legislation means Indian policing is reactionary rather than preventive which lead to heavy caseloads.
burden of proof: very difficult to proof to prosecute organized crimes as they are structures - also absence of an effective legal framework for projection of witness against them
impact of globalization: it facilitated easy and faster communication, transfer of finance, international travel
evolving nature of criminal networks: replaced by small networks which are flexible with branches across the country.
domestic challenges: lack of coordination between central and state govt to tackle crime, deficient resource and manpower
support of external actors: EQ: Chinese support for criminal gangs in NE and Pak support for Kashmiri insurgents.
CAUSES
Historical
Mumbai underworld: figures like Haji Mastan, Varadarajan, Mudaliar, Karim Lala dominated Mumbai world - they engaged in smuggling, extortions etc...
ethnic and regional factors: some criminals operate within their ethnic groups enforcing their own parallel justice systems
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Transnational links: India's proximity to major heroin producing area like GOLDEN CRESCENT and GOLDEN TRIANGLE makes it susceptible to transnational crimes.
political:
political patronage: some criminals enjoy political backing, which shields them from law enforcement.
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IMPACTS
security: Mafia-style groups and militia insurgencies are involved in criminal activities. EQ: Lawrence Bishnoi gang, which claimed resp. for both the Moosewala and Gogamedi killings in Punjab.
economical
Financial crimes: esp in major cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai - identity theft, cyber enabled financial crime etc...
deter growth: gang warfare, extortions, gun culture reduce investments
counterfeit goods: has widespread economic, health, and safety consequences across various sectors such as consumer goods.
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social
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breakdown of social order: creates a militant culture - increase the prevalence of criminal activities - sense of fear
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environmental: flora crimes - illegal harvesting and trade in medicinal and herbal plants - illegal collection of non-timber produce by local communities. EQ: Wildlife conservation society documented 522 unique reports of wildlife poaching and trade in India
MEASURES TAKEN
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legal: BNS 2023 - organized crime is addressed in a comprehensive way at national level for the first time
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ratified UN conventions: Indian govt. ratified 2 conventions - UN Convention against Corruption and UN against Transnational organized crime and its 3 protocols.
internal coop: INTERPOL to provide tech assistance and human resources - CBI is the national central bureau for INTERPOL in India
WAY FORWARD
National Agency for Organized Crime: national level agency - coordinate the work of central, state and local police units.
Citizen - centric governance: transparent governance through delivery of public services - punishing corrupt officials etc...
strengthen global coop: INTERPOL can consider a permanent mechanism to est. a real time information exchange line
capacity building: R&D - skilling for police forces, security and intelligence forces to understand the evolving nature of the crimes.
leveraging technology: HighTech software tools, AI based systems, spying system to break this chain
strong borders: fencing borders, smart borders, surveillance technology, coordination btw border forces and security drills will break the chain of organized crime network